| Bipolar neuron | |
|---|---|
 Bipolar nerve cell from the spinal ganglion of the pike. | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | neuron bipolare |
| TH | H2.00.06.1.00050 |
| FMA | 67282 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
A bipolar neuron, or bipolar cell, is a type of neuron characterized by having both an axon and a dendrite extending from the soma (cell body) in opposite directions. These neurons are predominantly found in the retina and olfactory system.[1] The embryological period encompassing weeks seven through eight marks the commencement of bipolar neuron development.[2]
Many bipolar cells are specialized sensory neurons (afferent neurons) for the transmission of sense. As such, they are part of the sensory pathways for smell, sight, taste, hearing, touch, balance and proprioception. The other shape classifications of neurons include unipolar, pseudounipolar and multipolar. During embryonic development, pseudounipolar neurons begin as bipolar in shape but become pseudounipolar as they mature.[3]
Common examples are the retina bipolar cell, the spiral ganglion and vestibular ganglion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII),[4] the extensive use of bipolar cells to transmit efferent (motor) signals to control muscles and olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium for smell (axons form the olfactory nerve).[citation needed]
- ^ Muzio, M. R., & Cascella, M. (2022). Histology, Axon. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
- ^ Ahimsadasan N, Reddy V, Khan Suheb MZ, et al. Neuroanatomy, Dorsal Root Ganglion. [Updated 2022 Sep 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532291/
- ^ Vanderah, Todd W.; Gould, Douglas J.; Nolte, John (2015). Nolte's The Human Brain : An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy (7th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Elsevier. ISBN 9781455728596. OCLC 895731173.
- ^ "bipolar cell". Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing. Farlex. 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2024 – via TheFreeDictionary by Farlex.