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The Black Hundreds[a] were reactionary, monarchist, and ultra-nationalist groups in Russia in the early 20th century. They were staunch supporters of the House of Romanov, and opposed any retreat from the autocracy of the reigning monarch.[1] Their name arose from the medieval concept of "black", or common (non-noble) people, organized into militias.[2]
The Black Hundreds were noted for extremism and incitement to pogroms, nationalistic Russocentric doctrines, as well as various xenophobic beliefs, including anti-Ukrainian sentiment,[3] anti-Polish sentiment,[4] and anti-Semitism.[5]
The ideology of the movement is based on a slogan formulated by Count Sergey Uvarov: "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality".[6]
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- ^ Norman Cohn. Warrant for Genocide. pp. 61, 73, 89, 120–2, 134, 139, 251.
- ^ "Black Hundred". languagehat.com. Retrieved 2024-03-06.
- ^ Peter J. Potichnyj (1992). Ukraine and Russia in Their Historical Encounter. University of Alberta, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. pp. 576, 582, 665.
- ^ Melnichuk, Oleg; Tsetsyk, Yaroslav; Kizlova, Antonina (7 July 2022). "Anti-Polish Activities of Black Hundreds in Volyn at the beginning of the 20th century". Eminak: Scientific Quarterly Journal: 74–85. doi:10.33782/eminak2022.1(37).572. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
- ^ David Vital (1999). A People Apart: The Jews in Europe, 1789–1939. Oxford University Press. pp. 140, 141.
- ^ Black Hundreds at the Encyclopædia Britannica