Blackshirts

Voluntary Militia for National Security
Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale
Active23 March 1923 – 8 December 1943
Country Fascist Italy
TypeParamilitary, Militia
Size351,000
Garrison/HQRome
EngagementsPacification of Libya
Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Spanish Civil War
Italian invasion of Albania
World War II
Commanders
Commandant-GeneralSee list
Chief of StaffSee list

The Voluntary Militia for National Security (Italian: Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts (Italian: Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: Camicia Nera) or squadristi (singular: squadrista), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the Arditi, Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the Duce (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents.[1] In 1943, following the fall of the Fascist regime, the MVSN was integrated into the Royal Italian Army and disbanded.

  1. ^ Bosworth, R.J.B. (2005). Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 1915–1945 (Penguin Books), p. 117.