Bohdan Khmelnytsky

Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Богдан Хмельницький
Bohdan Chmielnicki
Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи
Portrait of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, second half of the 17th century
Hetman of Zaporizhian Host
In office
30 January 1648 – 6 August 1657
Preceded byposition created
Succeeded byYurii Khmelnytsky
Personal details
Born
Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi

circa 1595
Subotiv, Kiev Voivodeship, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Died6 August 1657 (aged 61–62)
Chyhyryn, Cossack Hetmanate
Resting placeIllinska Church in Subotiv
NationalityRuthenian
Spouses
ChildrenTymish, Yurii, Hryhorii, Ostap, Kateryna [uk], Stepanyda, Olena [uk], Maria
Signature

Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи;[1] modern Ukrainian: Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький, Polish: Bohdan Chmielnicki; 1595 – 6 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobleman and military commander of Zaporozhian Cossacks[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] as Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates (1648–1654) that resulted in the creation of an independent Cossack state in Ukraine. In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereiaslav with the Russian Tsar and allied the Cossack Hetmanate with Tsardom of Russia, thus placing central Ukraine under Russian protection.[9] During the uprising the Cossacks led a massacre of thousands of Poles and Jews during 1648–1649, making it one of the most traumatic events in the history of the Jews and antisemitism in Ukraine.[10]

  1. ^ See, for example, the title of Samuil Velichko 1720 chronicle.
  2. ^ "Khmelnytsky, Bohdan". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com.
  3. ^ Plokhy, Serhii (10 October 2017). Lost Kingdom by Serhii Plokhy. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-09739-5.
  4. ^ Glaser, Amelia M. (19 August 2015). Stories of Khmelnytsky; Competing Literary Legacies of the 1648 Ukrainian Cossack Uprising. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-9496-1.
  5. ^ "Contents of Volume 39". Catalysis Today. 39 (4): 369–371. March 1998. doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(97)80039-9. ISSN 0920-5861.
  6. ^ The peasant prince: Thaddeus Kosciuszko and the age of revolution. 1 December 2009.
  7. ^ Kármán, Gábor; Kunčević, Lovro, eds. (20 June 2013). The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. doi:10.1163/9789004254404. ISBN 978-90-04-25440-4.
  8. ^ Rask Madsen, Mikael (2015), "Europe at the Crossroads of Free Markets and Human Rights: The Emergence of a Europe of Human Rights in the Shadow of the EU", Europe at a Crossroad, Nomos, pp. 247–268, doi:10.5771/9783845261768-247, ISBN 978-3-8452-6176-8
  9. ^ "Pereiaslav Treaty of 1654". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  10. ^ Batista, Jakub (2014). "Chmielnicki Massacres (1648–1649)". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. pp. 100–101. ISBN 978-1-59884-926-4.