Bonding in solids

Solids can be classified according to the nature of the bonding between their atomic or molecular components. The traditional classification distinguishes four kinds of bonding:^[1]

Covalent bonding, which forms network covalent solids (sometimes called simply "covalent solids")
Ionic bonding, which forms ionic solids
Metallic bonding, which forms metallic solids
Weak inter molecular bonding, which forms molecular solids (sometimes anomalously called "covalent solids")

Typical members of these classes have distinctive electron distributions, ^[2] thermodynamic, electronic, and mechanical properties. In particular, the binding energies of these interactions vary widely. Bonding in solids can be of mixed or intermediate kinds, however, hence not all solids have the typical properties of a particular class, and some can be described as intermediate forms. Paper

^ Maksic, Zvonimir (1990). "The Concept of the Chemical Bond in Solids". Theoretical Models of Chemical Bonding. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 417–452. ISBN 0-387-51553-4.
^ Mori-Sánchez, Paula; A. Martín Pendás; Víctor Luaña (2002). "A Classification of Covalent, Ionic, and Metallic Solids Based on the Electron Density". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124 (49). American Chemical Society: 14721–14723. doi:10.1021/ja027708t. PMID 12465984.

[1] Maksic, Zvonimir (1990). "The Concept of the Chemical Bond in Solids". Theoretical Models of Chemical Bonding. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 417–452. ISBN 0-387-51553-4.

[2] Mori-Sánchez, Paula; A. Martín Pendás; Víctor Luaña (2002). "A Classification of Covalent, Ionic, and Metallic Solids Based on the Electron Density". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124 (49). American Chemical Society: 14721–14723. doi:10.1021/ja027708t. PMID 12465984.

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