Bone marrow

For bone marrow as eaten by humans, see Bone marrow (food).

Bone marrow
A section of bone marrow tissue
(Prussian blue-stained)
Details
SystemHematopoietic system, immune system,[1] lymphatic system
Identifiers
Latinmedulla ossium
MeSHD001853
TA98A13.1.01.001
TA2388
FMA9608
Anatomical terminology

Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones.[2] In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis).[3] It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis.[4] Bone marrow comprises approximately 5% of total body mass in healthy adult humans, such that a man weighing 73 kg (161 lbs) will have around 3.7 kg (8 lbs) of bone marrow.[5]

Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity.[6] All types of hematopoietic cells, including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are created in bone marrow; however, lymphoid cells must migrate to other lymphoid organs (e.g. thymus) in order to complete maturation.

Bone marrow transplants can be conducted to treat severe diseases of the bone marrow, including certain forms of cancer such as leukemia. Several types of stem cells are related to bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow can give rise to hematopoietic lineage cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, which can be isolated from the primary culture of bone marrow stroma, can give rise to bone, adipose, and cartilage tissue.[7]

  1. ^ Schmidt, Richard F.; Lang, Florian; Heckmann, Manfred (30 November 2010). What are the organs of the immune system?. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. pp. 3/7.
  2. ^ C., Farhi, Diane (2009). Pathology of bone marrow and blood cells (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott William & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781770934. OCLC 191807944.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Arikan, Hüseyin; Çiçek, Kerim (2014). "Haematology of amphibians and reptiles: a review" (PDF). North-Western Journal of Zoology. 10: 190–209.
  4. ^ Katherine, Abel (2013). Official CPC Certification Study Guide. American Medical Association.
  5. ^ Hindorf, C.; Glatting, G.; Chiesa, C.; Lindén, O.; Flux, G. (2010). "EANM Dosimetry Committee guidelines for bone marrow and whole-body dosimetry". Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 37 (6): 1238–1250. doi:10.1007/s00259-010-1422-4. PMID 20411259. S2CID 9755621.
  6. ^ Birbrair, Alexander; Frenette, Paul S. (1 March 2016). "Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1370 (1): 82–96. Bibcode:2016NYASA1370...82B. doi:10.1111/nyas.13016. ISSN 1749-6632. PMC 4938003. PMID 27015419.
  7. ^ Lindberg, Matthew R.; Lamps, Laura W. (2018). "Bone Marrow". Diagnostic Pathology: Normal Histology. pp. 130–137. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-54803-8.50035-8. ISBN 9780323548038.