Boron group

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Boron group (group 13)
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
group 12 ←    → carbon group
IUPAC group number 13
Name by element boron group
Trivial name triels
CAS group number
(US, pattern A-B-A)
 IIIA
old IUPAC number
(Europe, pattern A-B)
 IIIB
↓ Period
2
Image: Boron chunks
Boron (B)
5 Metalloid
3
Image: Aluminium metal
Aluminium (Al)
13 Other metal
4
Image: Gallium crystals
Gallium (Ga)
31 Other metal
5
Image: Ductile indium wire
Indium (In)
49 Other metal
6
Image: Thallium pieces stored in a glass ampoule under argon atmosphere
Thallium (Tl)
81 Other metal
7 Nihonium (Nh)
113 other metal

Legend

primordial element
synthetic element

The boron group are the chemical elements in group 13 of the periodic table, consisting of boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl) and nihonium (Nh). This group lies in the p-block of the periodic table. The elements in the boron group are characterized by having three valence electrons.[1] These elements have also been referred to as the triels.[a]

Several group 13 elements have biological roles in the ecosystem. Boron is a trace element in humans and is essential for some plants. Lack of boron can lead to stunted plant growth, while an excess can also cause harm by inhibiting growth. Aluminium has neither a biological role nor significant toxicity and is considered safe. Indium and gallium can stimulate metabolism;[3] gallium is credited with the ability to bind itself to iron proteins. Thallium is highly toxic, interfering with the function of numerous vital enzymes, and has seen use as a pesticide.[4]

  1. ^ Kotz, John C.; Treichel, Paul & Townsend, John Raymond (2009). Chemistry and chemical reactivity. Vol. 2. Belmont, Ca, USA: Thomson Books. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-495-38712-1.
  2. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  3. ^ Pharmacology and Nutritional Intervention in the Treatment of Disease edited by Faik Atroshi, page 45
  4. ^ Dobbs, Michael (2009). Clinical neurotoxicology: syndromes, substances, environments. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders. pp. 276–278. ISBN 978-0-323-05260-3.


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