Although brevetoxins are most well-studied in K. brevis, they are also found in other species of Karenia and at least one large fish kill has been traced to brevetoxins in Chattonella.[1]
Brevetoxin-5 (PbTx-5): like PbTx-2, but acetylatedhydroxyl group in position 38.
Brevetoxin-6 (PbTx-6): like PbTx-2, but double bond 27-28 is epoxidated.
Brevetoxin-B was synthesized in 1995 by K. C. Nicolaou and coworkers in 123 steps with 91% average yield (final yield ~9·10−6)[4] and in 2004 in a total of 90 steps with an average 93% yield for each step (0.14% overall).[3]
K. C. Nicolaou and coworkers reported their synthesis of Brevetoxin-1 in 1998.[5] In 2009, Michael Crimmins and co-workers reported their synthesis of Brevetoxin-1 as well.[6]
^ abMatsuo G, Kawamura K, Hori N, Matsukura H, Nakata T (2004). "Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin-B". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 126 (44): 14374–14376. doi:10.1021/ja0449269. PMID15521755.
^Nicolaou KC, Rutjes FP, Theodorakis EA, Tiebes J, Sato M, Untersteller E (1995). "Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin B. 3. Final Strategy and Completion". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 117 (41): 10252–10263. doi:10.1021/ja00146a010. hdl:2066/26297.