Brisbane

This article is about the metropolis in Australia. For the local government area, see City of Brisbane. For other uses, see Brisbane (disambiguation).

Brisbane
Meanjin (Turrbal)
Queensland
Brisbane skyline
Brisbane central business district
Brisbane City Hall
Brisbane City Hall
St John's Cathedral
St John's Cathedral
Wheel of Brisbane
Wheel of Brisbane
Treasury Building
Treasury Building
Gallery of Modern Art
Gallery of Modern Art
Story Bridge
Story Bridge and Brisbane River
Map of the Brisbane metropolitan area
Map of the Brisbane metropolitan area
Brisbane is located in Australia
Brisbane
Brisbane
Coordinates27°28′04″S 153°01′41″E / 27.46778°S 153.02806°E / -27.46778; 153.02806
Population2,706,966 (2023)[1] (3rd)
 • Density159/km2 (410/sq mi) [2] (2021 GCCSA)
EstablishedMay 1825; 199 years ago (1825-05)
(exact date unknown)
[3]
Elevation32 m (105 ft)
Area15,842 km2 (6,116.6 sq mi)[2][4]
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)
RegionSouth East Queensland
CountyStanley, Canning, Cavendish, Churchill, Ward
State electorate(s)41 divisions
Federal division(s)17 divisions
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
26.6 °C
80 °F		 16.4 °C
62 °F		 1,012 mm
39.8 in

Brisbane (/ˈbrɪzbən/ ⓘ BRIZ-bən,[10] Turrbal: Meanjin) is the capital and largest city of the state of Queensland[11] and the third-most populous city in Australia and Oceania, with a population over 2.7 million.[1] Brisbane lies at the centre of South East Queensland, an urban agglomeration with a population of approximately 4 million which includes several other regional centres and cities. The central business district is situated within a peninsula of the Brisbane River about 15 km (9 mi) from its mouth at Moreton Bay.[12] Brisbane is located in the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Island and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges.[13][14] It sprawls across several local government areas, most centrally the City of Brisbane. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite.[15][16]

The Moreton Bay penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney colony, and soon moved to North Quay in 1825 on the banks of the Brisbane River, so named for British army general and Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane. German Lutherans established the first free settlement of Zion Hill at Nundah in 1838, and in 1859 Brisbane was chosen as Queensland's capital when the state separated from New South Wales. By the late 19th century, the city had grown into a major port and centre of immigration. During World War II, the Allied command in the South West Pacific was based in the city, along with the headquarters for General Douglas MacArthur of the United States Army.[17]

Brisbane is a global centre for research and innovation[18][19] and is a transportation hub, being served by large rail, bus and ferry networks, as well as Brisbane Airport and the Port of Brisbane, Australia's third-busiest airport and seaport.

A diverse city with over 36% of its metropolitan population being foreign-born, Brisbane is frequently ranked highly in lists of the most liveable cities.[20][21] Brisbane has hosted major events including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo 88, the 2001 Goodwill Games, the 2014 G20 summit, and will host the 2032 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.[22]

Brisbane is one of Australia's most popular tourist destinations and is Australia's most biodiverse and greenest city.[23] South Bank and its extensive parklands is the most visited tourist landmark in Australia, with over 14+ million visitors every year.[24] Other major landmarks and precincts of the city include the Queensland Cultural Centre (including the Queensland Art Gallery, the Gallery of Modern Art, the Queensland Museum, the State Library of Queensland and the Queensland Performing Arts Centre), Brisbane City Hall, the Story Bridge, Howard Smith Wharves, Queen's Wharf, St John's cathedral, and Mount Coot-tha Lookout. Much of Brisbane's inner-city neighbourhoods are also characterised by its historic Queenslander architecture. Brisbane is also known for its extensive parks and outdoor attractions including the City Botanic Gardens, Victoria Park, Roma Street Parkland, New Farm Park, the Mount Coot-tha Botanic Gardens, the Brisbane Riverwalk, Moreton Bay, Moreton Island and D'Aguilar National Park.

  1. ^ a b "Regional population, 2022–23 financial year". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 26 March 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  2. ^ a b "2021 Greater Brisbane, Census Community Profiles". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
  3. ^ "Uncovering the secrets behind the City of Brisbane's settlement 190 years ago". ABC News. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  4. ^ "What is the greater Brisbane area?" Archived 11 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine, brisbanetour.com.au
  5. ^ "Great Circle Distance from between Brisbane and Sydney". Geoscience Australia. March 2004. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  6. ^ "Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Canberra". Geoscience Australia. March 2004. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  7. ^ "Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Melbourne". Geoscience Australia. March 2004. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  8. ^ "Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Adelaide". Geoscience Australia. March 2004. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  9. ^ "Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Perth". Geoscience Australia. March 2004. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
  10. ^ Macquarie Dictionary. The Macquarie Library. 2003. p. 121. ISBN 1-876429-37-2.
  11. ^ "Brisbane (entry 4555)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  12. ^ "Brisbane and Greater Brisbane". Queensland Places. Archived from the original on 27 January 2014.
  13. ^ "Brisbane City Council Local Government Area Map" (PDF). Electoral Commission of Queensland. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
  14. ^ "About Brisbane – Visit Brisbane". Visit Brisbane. 16 January 2022. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  15. ^ Kent, Lucinda (21 March 2014). "Is this the average Brisbanite?". ABC Radio Brisbane. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  16. ^ "Names for where we're from". ABC Radio National. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 13 October 2012. Archived from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  17. ^ "South West Pacific campaign". Queensland World War II Historic Places. Queensland Government. 30 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  18. ^ "Brisbane: A hub for innovation and the gateway to Asia". Business Chief. 19 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Brisbane". startupgenome. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  20. ^ "2016 Census Community Profiles: Greater Brisbane". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 23 October 2017. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  21. ^ "Announced: Melbourne Remains the World's Second Most Liveable City". Broadsheet. 4 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  22. ^ "Brisbane wakes as Olympics 2032 city after IOC's landslide vote of confidence". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 July 2021. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  23. ^ "Brisbane. Clean, Green, Sustainable". brisbane.qld.gov.au. 15 February 2024.
  24. ^ "About South Bank | Visit Brisbane, Australia". visit.brisbane.qld.au. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.