British Rail Class 365

British Rail Class 365 Networker Express
Great Northern Class 365 at London King's Cross in July 2019
Refurbished Great Northern standard-class saloon
In service	1996 – 15 May 2021[1]
Manufacturer	ABB Transportation
Built at	Holgate Road Works, York
Family name	Networker
Constructed	1994–1995
Refurbished	2013–2016 at Bombardier Ilford
Scrapped	2021–2022
Number built	41
Number in service	0
Number preserved	0 (3 vehicles only)
Number scrapped	41
Successor	Class 385 (ScotRail) Class 387 (Great Northern)
Formation	4 cars per unit: DMOC-TOSL-PTOSL-DMOC
Fleet numbers	365501–365541
Capacity	263 seats (24 first-class, 239 standard)
Operators	Abellio ScotRail Connex South Eastern First Capital Connect Great Northern Network SouthEast South Eastern Trains West Anglia Great Northern
Depots	Hornsey (London) Shields Road (Glasgow)[2]
Specifications
Car body construction	Aluminium[2]
Train length	81.9 m (268 ft 8 in)
Car length	DM vehs.: 20.89 m (68 ft 6 in) Trailers: 20.06 m (65 ft 10 in)
Width	2.81 m (9 ft 3 in)
Height	3.77 m (12 ft 4 in)
Maximum speed	100 mph (161 km/h)
Weight	151.62 tonnes (149.23 long tons; 167.13 short tons)
Traction system	GEC Alsthom GTO-VVVF
Traction motors	8 × 3-phase AC[3]: p.A.6  GEC Alsthom G354CX
Power output	1,256 kW (1,684 hp)
Acceleration	0.67 m/s2 (2.2 ft/s2)
Electric system(s)	25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead 750 V DC third rail (removed)
Current collector(s)	Pantograph (AC) (Brecknell Willis high-speed)[4] Contact shoe (DC) (removed)[4]
UIC classification	Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′
Safety system(s)	AWS TPWS ETCS (trial, one unit only)[5]
Coupling system	Tightlock[6]
Multiple working	Within class
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Notes/references
Sourced from[7] unless otherwise noted.

The British Rail Class 365 Networker Express was a class of dual-voltage (25 kV 50 Hz AC and 750 V DC) electric multiple unit passenger train built by ABB at Holgate Road Carriage Works in 1994 and 1995.

The Class 365 was derived from the Class 465 EMU after the planned "Universal Networker" Classes 371 and 381 were not funded through to production. An initial prototype that better suited the operation of long-distance services was developed from an existing unit (designated as Class 465/3), as the new type was intended to operate services in South East England and on the Great Northern Route. The purchase of 41 Class 365s was authorised in late 1993; they would be the last trains to be built at the Holgate Road works prior to its closure. Due to the front end of refurbished units resembling a smiling face, the trains have been nicknamed "Happy Trains" by enthusiasts.^[8]

Deliveries began in 1994 under Network SouthEast and continued after operations transferred to the private sector; the final unit was delivered to West Anglia Great Northern (WAGN) in July 1998. Connex South Eastern received 16 units while West Anglia Great Northern received 25. During 2004, South Eastern Trains opted to transfer all of its sets to WAGN.

The Class 365 has been involved in several accidents, which has included fatalities; the most serious accident to date occurred at Potters Bar in 2002. In September 2014, all units were transferred with the Thameslink, Southern & Great Northern franchise to Govia Thameslink Railway. In June 2018, ten sets were transferred to Abellio ScotRail to operate services from Edinburgh to Glasgow and Stirling. On 15 May 2021, Great Northern withdrew the last of its Class 365 sets. During July 2021, all of the Class 365s were acquired by Eversholt Rail Group; all but 3 vehicles have been scrapped. Newer types of rolling stock, such as the Class 385s and Class 387s, have typically been introduced to replace the type with various operators.