Bubalus Period

Rock carving of the eponymous bubalus

Bubalus,[1] Bubaline,[2] or Large Wild Fauna[3] rock art is the earliest form of Central Saharan rock art,[1] created in an engraved style, which have been dated between 12,000 BCE and 8000 BCE.[4] The Bubaline Period is followed by the Kel Essuf Period.[5] As the animal world is particularly emphasized in Bubaline rock art, animal depictions are usually shown in larger scale than human depictions.[6] Bubaline rock art portrays a few geometric designs and naturalistic outlined depictions of animals,[3] such as antelope, aurochs, buffalos (Bubalus antiquus/Syncerus complexus), donkeys, elephants, fish (e.g., catfish, Nile perch), giraffes, hippopotamuses, ostriches, and rhinoceroses.[3][6]

  1. ^ a b Ki-Zerbo, Jacqueline (1990). "African prehistoric art". UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. I, Abridged Edition: Methodology and African Prehistory. University of California Press. p. 286. ISBN 9780520066960.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Soukopova was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Coulson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Kipfer, Barbara Ann (January 1, 2021). "Bubalus Period". Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Springer, Cham. p. 201. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_20703. ISBN 978-3-030-58292-0. OCLC 1253375738. S2CID 240672205.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Soukopova II was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Aïn-Séba was invoked but never defined (see the help page).