Bucharest Nine

Bucharest Nine
Bucharest Format
Members of the Bucharest Nine
Members of the Bucharest Nine
Membership
Establishment4 November 2015

The Bucharest Nine or the Bucharest Format (B9 or B-9; Romanian: Formatul București, Polish: Bukaresztańska Dziewiątka) is an organization founded on 4 November 2015 in Bucharest, Romania, at the initiative of the President of Romania Klaus Iohannis and the President of Poland Andrzej Duda during a bilateral meeting between them.[1] Its members are Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. Its appearance was mainly a result of a perceived aggressive attitude from Russia following the annexation of Crimea from Ukraine and its posterior intervention in eastern Ukraine both in 2014. All members of the B9 were either part of the former Soviet Union (USSR) or members of the defunct Soviet-led Warsaw Pact.[2][3]

  1. ^ "Bilateral visit of President of Romania, Mr. Klaus Iohannis, in the Republic of Poland and his participation in the High Level Meeting of the Bucharest Format (B9), on 7-8 June 2018". President of Romania. 5 June 2018.
  2. ^ Gerasymchuk, Sergiy (2019). "Bucharest Nine: looking for cooperation on NATO's eastern flank?" (PDF). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. pp. 1–10.
  3. ^ Rotaru, Vasile; Umland, Andreas (10 November 2017). "How Romania and Poland can strengthen NATO and the EU". Foreign Affairs.