Budapest

This article is about the capital of Hungary. For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Bucharest.

Budapest
Capital city and municipality
Capital City of Hungary
Magyarország fővárosa
Hungarian Parliament
Buda Castle and the Chain Bridge
Heroes' Square
Fisherman's Bastion with Matthias Church
Gellért Baths and the Liberty Bridge
Flag of Budapest
Flag
Coat of arms of Budapest
Coat of arms
Budapest highlighted in Hungary
Budapest highlighted in Hungary
Budapest is located in Hungary
Budapest
Budapest
Location within Hungary
Budapest is located in Europe
Budapest
Budapest
Location within Europe
Coordinates: 47°29′33″N 19°03′05″E / 47.49250°N 19.05139°E / 47.49250; 19.05139
Country Hungary
RegionCentral Hungary
Unification of Buda, Pest and Óbuda17 November 1873
Boroughs
Government
[1]
 • TypeMayor – Council
 • BodyGeneral Assembly of Budapest
 • MayorGergely Karácsony (Dialogue)
Area
[2]
525.2 km2 (202.8 sq mi)
 • Urban
2,538 km2 (980 sq mi)
 • Metro
6,917 km2 (2,671 sq mi)
Elevation
[4]
Lowest (Danube) 96 m
Highest (János Hill) 527 m (315 to 1,729 ft)
Population
 (2022 census)[5]
1,685,342
 • Estimate 
(January 2023)[3]
1,671,004
 • Rank1st (9th in EU)
 • Density3,182/km2 (8,240/sq mi)
 • Metro
2,999,794[3]
 • Metro density434/km2 (1,120/sq mi)
DemonymsBudapester, budapesti (Hungarian)
GDP Nominal (2022)
[6]
 • Capital city and municipality€62 billion (36.7% of Hungary)
 • Metro€82 billion (48.5% of Hungary)
 • Per capita (City) (nominal and PPS)€36,276,[6] €56.100[6]
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code(s)
1011–1239
Area code1
ISO 3166 codeHU-BU
NUTS codeHU101
HDI (2022)0.936[7] – very high · 1st
International AirportFerenc Liszt International Airport
WebsiteBudapestInfo Official
Government Official
Official nameBudapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
CriteriaCultural: ii, iv
Reference400
Inscription1987 (11th Session)
Extensions2002
Area473.3 ha

Budapest[a] is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second largest city on the Danube river.[11][12][13] The city has an estimated population of 1,752,286 over a land area of about 525 square kilometres (203 square miles).[14] Budapest, which is both a city and municipality, forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres (2,944 square miles) and a population of 3,303,786. It is a primate city, constituting 33% of the population of Hungary.[15][16]

The history of Budapest began when an early Celtic settlement transformed into the Roman town of Aquincum,[17][18] the capital of Lower Pannonia.[17] The Hungarians arrived in the territory in the late 9th century,[19] but the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–42.[20] Re-established Buda became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century.[21][22][23] The Battle of Mohács, in 1526, was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule.[24] After the reconquest of Buda in 1686, the region entered a new age of prosperity, with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda, Óbuda and Pest on 17 November 1873, with the name 'Budapest' given to the new capital.[14][25] Budapest also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire,[26] a great power that dissolved in 1918, following World War I. The city was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and the Battle of Budapest in 1945, as well as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.[27][28]

Budapest is a global city with strengths in commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment.[29][30] Hungary's financial centre, Budapest is also the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology,[31] the European Police College[32] and the first foreign office of the China Investment Promotion Agency.[33] Over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including Eötvös Loránd University, Corvinus University, Semmelweis University, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics.[34][35] Opened in 1896,[36] the city's subway system, the Budapest Metro, serves 1.27 million, while the Budapest Tram Network serves 1.08 million passengers daily.[37]

The central area of Budapest along the Danube River is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and has several notable monuments of classical architecture, including the Hungarian Parliament and the Buda Castle.[38] The city also has around 80 geothermal springs,[39] the largest thermal water cave system,[40] second largest synagogue, and third largest Parliament building in the world.[41] Budapest attracts around 12 million international tourists per year, making it a highly popular destination in Europe.[42]

  1. ^ "The Municipality of Budapest (official)". 11 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  2. ^ "Területi statisztikai évkönyv, 2022" [Regional Statistical Yearbook, 2022 → Central Hungary: Budapest (525 km2) and Pest (6,392 km2)]. www.ksh.hu. Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH). 2023. p. 4. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b "22.1.2.1. Resident population by sex, county and region, 1 January (annual series)". www.ksh.hu. Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH). 31 August 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  4. ^ "Best view in Budapest from the city's highest hilltop". stay.com – Budapest. 11 September 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  5. ^ "2022 Hungarian census". www.ksh.hu. Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH). 7 December 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  6. ^ a b c Multiple sources:
  7. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org.
  8. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  9. ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
  10. ^ Upton, Clive; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-138-12566-7.
  11. ^ Bachmann, Helena (18 March 2002). "Beauty and the Feast". Time. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  12. ^ Taşan-Kok, Tuna (2004). Budapest, Istanbul and Warsaw: Institutional and spatial change. Eburon Uitgeverij. p. 41. ISBN 978-90-5972-041-1. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  13. ^ Meer, Jan van der; Carvalho, Luis; Berg, Professor Leo van den (28 May 2014). Cities as Engines of Sustainable Competitiveness: European Urban Policy in Practice. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4724-2704-5.
  14. ^ a b Török, András. "Budapest". Encarta. Archived from the original on 29 October 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2008.
  15. ^ "About Budapest Transport Association". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2016. "About Budapest Transport Association". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  16. ^ "telep lista" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2016. "telep lista" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  17. ^ a b "Aquincum". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
  18. ^ Sugar, Peter F.; Péter Hanák; Tibor Frank (1990). "Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest". A History of Hungary. Indiana University Press. p. 3. ISBN 0-253-20867-X.
  19. ^ "Budapest". Travel Channel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  20. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Budapest" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 734–737.
  21. ^ Drake, Miriam A. (2003). "Eastern Europe, England and Spain". Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science. CRC Press. p. 2498. ISBN 0-8247-2080-6. Retrieved 22 May 2008.
  22. ^ Casmir, Fred L. (1995). "Hungarian culture in communication". Communication in Eastern Europe: The Role of History, Culture, and media in contemporary conflicts. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 122. ISBN 0-8058-1625-9. Retrieved 21 May 2008.[permanent dead link‍]
  23. ^ Nagy, Balázs; Rady, Martyn; Szende, Katalin; Vadas, András (2016). Medieval Buda in Context. Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004307674. OCLC 1030542604.
  24. ^ Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 15
  25. ^ Molnar, A Concise History of Hungary, Chronology pp. 15.
  26. ^ Alexander Watson, Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary at War, 1914–1918 (2014). pp 536–40.: In the capital cities of Vienna and Budapest, the leftist and liberal movements and opposition parties strengthened and supported the separatism of ethnic minorities.
  27. ^ UN General Assembly Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary (1957) "Chapter II.C, para 58 (p. 20)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. (1.47 MB)
  28. ^ John Lukacs (1994). Budapest 1900: A Historical Portrait of a City and Its Culture. Grove Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-8021-3250-5.
  29. ^ "Hungary: Emerging Economic Power In Central And Eastern Europe". Thomas White International. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  30. ^ "The World According to GaWC 2020". GaWC – Research Network. Globalization and World Cities. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  31. ^ "EU nations pick Budapest for technology institute". The Sydney Morning Herald. 18 June 2008. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  32. ^ European Union Document Nos. 2013/0812 (COD), ENFOPOL 395 CODEC 2773 PARLNAT 307
  33. ^ "Budapesten nyílik az első kínai befektetési támaszpont külföldön" [First Chinese investment base abroad opens in Budapest]. Heti Világgazdaság (in Hungarian). 26 May 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  34. ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015". ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  35. ^ "CWUR 2015 – World University Rankings". Center for World University Rankings. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  36. ^ Electric Railway. Doppler Press. 2003.
  37. ^ Mátyás Jangel (September 2010). "Közszolgáltatási szerződés, utasjogok, a szolgáltatástervezés és ellenőrzés folyamata a kötöttpályás helyi- és elővárosi közforgalmú közlekedésben" [Public service contract, passenger rights, service planning and monitoring process of local and suburban public transport rail] (in Hungarian). BKV Zrt. Közlekedési Igazgatóság [Directorate of Public Office. Transport]. pp. 10 (and 3). Archived from the original (pdf) on 28 January 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2015. Metro usage per day – Line 1: 120,000; Line 2: 405,000; Line 3: 630,000. (Line 4 began operations in 2014, with a 110,000 ridership estimated by Centre for Budapest Transport (BKK) based on the latest year.)
  38. ^ "World Heritage Committee Inscribes 9 New Sites on the World Heritage List". Unesco World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
  39. ^ "Hungary's, Budapest's and Balaton's Guide: Budapest's spas: Gellért, Király, Rác, Ru..'l'; l;lldas, Széchenyi, Lukács". Guideviaggi.net. Archived from the original on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  40. ^ "Big underground thermal lake unveiled in Budapest, Hungary". Tvnz.co.nz. 19 November 2008. Archived from the original on 27 November 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  41. ^ "The Parliament of Hungary is the world's third largest Parliament building". visitbudapest.travel. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  42. ^ "Euromonitor International's top city destinations ranking". Euromonitor. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2019.


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