Bugis

This article is about the people. For other purposes, see Bugis (disambiguation).

Buginese
To Ugi
ᨈᨚ ᨕᨘᨁᨗ
A couple walking under a Lellu' (traditional folding canopy) at their wedding
Total population
7 million (2010 census)
Regions with significant populations
 Indonesia6,359,700[1]
Breakdown by Province in Indonesia
            South Sulawesi3,618,683
            East Kalimantan735,819
            Southeast Sulawesi496,432
            Central Sulawesi409,741
            West Sulawesi144,554
            West Kalimantan137,282
            Riau107,159
            South Kalimantan101,727
            Jambi96,145
            Papua88,991
            Jakarta68,227
            West Papua40,087
 Malaysia728,465[2]
 Singapore15,000[2][3]
Languages
Predominantly
Bugis • Indonesian • Makassar Malay
Also
Massenrempulu • Malay
Religion
Predominantly
Islam: 98.99%
Minorities
Christians (Protestant and Roman Catholic): 0,55% • Hindu (incl. Tolotang): 0,41%  • Other (including Buddhist): 0,05%[4]
Related ethnic groups

The Bugis people, also known as Buginese, are an Austronesian ethnic group—the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi (the others being Makassarese and Torajan), in the south-western province of Sulawesi, third-largest island of Indonesia. The Bugis in 1605 converted to Islam from Animism.[5] Although the majority of Bugis are Muslim, a small minority adhere to Christianity as well as a pre-Islamic indigenous belief called Tolotang.[6]

The Bugis, whose population numbers around six million and constitutes less than 2.5% of the Indonesian population, are influential in the politics in the country; and historically influential on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Lesser Sunda Islands and other parts of the archipelago where they have migrated en masse, starting in the late seventeenth century.[7] The third president of Indonesia, B. J. Habibie,[8][9] and a former vice president of Indonesia, Jusuf Kalla, are Bugis descent. In Malaysia, the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King of Malaysia), Sultan Ibrahim and eighth prime minister, Muhyiddin Yassin, have Bugis ancestry.[10][11]

Most Bugis people speak a distinct regional language called Bugis (Basa Ugi) in addition to Indonesian. The Bugis language belongs to the South Sulawesi language group; other members include Makassarese, Torajan, Mandarese[12] and Massenrempulu. The name Bugis is an exonym which represents an older form of the name; (To) Ugi is the endonym.[13]

  1. ^ Akhsan Na'im, Hendry Syaputra (2011). Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik. ISBN 9789790644175.
  2. ^ a b Mukrimin (2019). "Moving the Kitchen out": Contemporary Bugis Migration. Southeast Asian Studies.
  3. ^ Tham Seong Chee (1993). Malay Family Structure: Change and Continuity with Reference to Singapore. Department of Malay Studies National University of Singapore. p. 1. ISBN 9971-62-336-6.
  4. ^ Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, M Sairi Hasbullah, Nur Budi Handayani, Agus Pramono. Demography of Indonesia's Ethnicity. Singapore: ISEAS: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2015. p. 273.
  5. ^ Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East Timor. ABC-CLIO. p. 286. ISBN 1576077705.
  6. ^ Said, Nurman (Summer 2004). "Religion and Cultural Identity Among the Bugis (A Preliminary Remark)" (PDF). Inter-Religio (45): 12–20.
  7. ^ Andaya, Leonard Y. (1975). The kingdom of Johor, 1641-1728. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-580262-4. OCLC 906499076.
  8. ^ "Mengenang B.J Habibie: Fokus agar Usil Tetap Genius (1)". Jawa Pos. Jawa Pos. 9 November 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  9. ^ "BJ Habibie, Si Jenius Indonesia dari Sulawesi". Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. Jawa Pos. 3 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  10. ^ Cantika Adinda Putri (1 March 2020). "Ini Muhyiddin Yasin, PM Baru Malaysia Berdarah Bugis & Jawa". CNBC Indonesia. CNBC Indonesia. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
  11. ^ Cantika Adinda Putri (27 November 2017). "Sultan Johor: Saya pun Bugis, terasa juga". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  12. ^ Mills, Roger Frederick (1975). "Proto South Sulawesi and Proto Austronesian phonology" (PDF). Ph. D Thesis. University of Michigan.
  13. ^ Shiv Shanker Tiwary & Rajeev Kumar (2009). Encyclopaedia of Southeast Asia and Its Tribes, Volume 1. Anmol Publications. p. 47. ISBN 978-81-261-3837-1.