According to the United States Army field manual, there are four other ways outside of burn pits to dispose of nonhazardous solid waste: incinerators, burial, landfills, and tactical burial.[2] Open-air burning is a way to dispose of waste, but increases risk of fire and produces noxious fumes.[3] Due to modern waste in deployed environments, there is plastic (including water bottles), shipping materials, electronic waste, and other material that may emit toxic aerial compounds. Burn pits were heavily criticized and resulted in lawsuits by veterans, Department of Defense civilians, and military contractors. Global environmental consciousness has especially criticized these instances of large-scale burn pit operation.[4] The effects of burn pits seem to be similar to that of fire debris cleanup.[5]
The Department of Defense estimates that 3.5 million service members were exposed to burn pits. The Department of Veterans Affairs has granted about 73% of veterans’ burn pit claims related to asthma, sinusitis and rhinitis.[6]