CD1

For the album by Throbbing Gristle, see CD1 (album).
CD1a molecule
Identifiers
SymbolCD1A
Alt. symbolsCD1
NCBI gene909
HGNC1634
OMIM188370
RefSeqNM_001763
UniProtP06126
Other data
LocusChr. 1 q22-q23
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StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
CD1b molecule
Identifiers
SymbolCD1B
Alt. symbolsCD1
NCBI gene910
HGNC1635
OMIM188360
RefSeqNM_001764
UniProtP29016
Other data
LocusChr. 1 q22-q23
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
CD1c molecule
Identifiers
SymbolCD1C
Alt. symbolsCD1
NCBI gene911
HGNC1636
OMIM188340
RefSeqNM_001765
UniProtP29017
Other data
LocusChr. 1 q22-q23
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
CD1d molecule
Identifiers
SymbolCD1D
NCBI gene912
HGNC1637
OMIM188410
RefSeqNM_001766
UniProtP15813
Other data
LocusChr. 1 q22-q23
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro
CD1e molecule
Identifiers
SymbolCD1E
NCBI gene913
HGNC1638
OMIM188411
RefSeqNM_030893
UniProtP15812
Other data
LocusChr. 1 q22-q23
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. CD1 glycoproteins are structurally related to the class I MHC molecules, however, in contrast to MHC class 1 proteins, they present lipids, glycolipids and small molecules antigens, from both endogenous and pathogenic proteins, to T cells and activate an immune response. Both αβ and γδ T cells recognise CD1 molecules.[1][2]

The human CD1 gene cluster is located on chromosome 1. Genes of the CD1 family were first cloned in 1986, by Franco Calabi and C. Milstein, whereas the first known lipid antigen for CD1 was discovered in 1994, during studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.[3] The first antigen that was discovered to be able to bind CD1 and then be recognised by TCR is C80 mycolic acid. Even though their precise function is unknown, The CD1 system of lipid antigen recognition by TCR offers the prospect of discovering new approaches to therapy and developing immunomodulatory agents.[4][1][5][2]

  1. ^ a b Layre E, de Jong A, Moody DB (December 2014). "Human T cells use CD1 and MR1 to recognize lipids and small molecules". Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. Molecular immunology. 23: 31–38. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.09.007. PMID 25271021.
  2. ^ a b Tang Y, Ma S, Lin S, Wu Y, Chen S, Liu G, Ma L, Wang Z, Jiang L, Wang Y (2023-03-01). "Cell-free protein synthesis of CD1E and B2M protein and in vitro interaction". Protein Expression and Purification. 203: 106209. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2022.106209. ISSN 1046-5928. PMID 36460227. S2CID 254180046.
  3. ^ Van Rhijn I, Godfrey DI, Rossjohn J, Moody DB (October 2015). "Lipid and small-molecule display by CD1 and MR1". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 15 (10): 643–654. doi:10.1038/nri3889. PMC 6944187. PMID 26388332.
  4. ^ Porcelli S, Brenner MB, Greenstein JL, Balk SP, Terhorst C, Bleicher PA (October 1989). "Recognition of cluster of differentiation 1 antigens by human CD4-CD8-cytolytic T lymphocytes". Nature. 341 (6241): 447–450. Bibcode:1989Natur.341..447P. doi:10.1038/341447a0. PMID 2477705. S2CID 4264602.
  5. ^ Moody DB, Suliman S (2017-10-30). "CD1: From Molecules to Diseases". F1000Research. 6: 1909. doi:10.12688/f1000research.12178.1. PMC 5664979. PMID 29152228.