CD278

ICOS
Identifiers
Aliases	ICOS, AILIM, CD278, CVID1, inducible T-cell co-stimulator, inducible T-cell costimulator, inducible T cell costimulator
External IDs	OMIM: 604558; MGI: 1858745; HomoloGene: 8097; GeneCards: ICOS; OMA:ICOS - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	203,961,577 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	61,039,479 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	lymph node; ; appendix; ; thymus; ; granulocyte; ; epithelium of nasopharynx; ; blood; ; testicle; ; superficial temporal artery; ; bone marrow; ; tonsil;
	Top expressed in
	mesenteric lymph nodes; ; thymus; ; blood; ; embryo; ; Paneth cell; ; spleen; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; submandibular gland; ; carotid body; ; medial ganglionic eminence;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity; protein binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; extracellular region; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; membrane; external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	T cell tolerance induction; T cell costimulation; immune response; phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process; cell-cell adhesion; positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	29851
	54167
	ENSG00000163600
	ENSMUSG00000026009
	Q9Y6W8
	Q9WVS0
	NM_012092
	NM_017480
	NP_036224
	NP_059508
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Inducible T-cell costimulator (also called CD278) is an immune checkpoint protein that in humans is encoded by the ICOS (Inducible T-cell COStimulator) gene.^[5]^[6]^[7] ^[8]^[9] The protein belongs to the CD28 and CTLA-4 cell-surface receptor family. These are proteins expressed on the surface of immune cells that mediate signalling between them. A surface protein, the ligand, binds specifically to its receptor on another cell, leading to a signalling cascade in that cell.

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163600 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026009 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Hutloff A, Dittrich AM, Beier KC, Eljaschewitsch B, Kraft R, Anagnostopoulos I, Kroczek RA (Jan 1999). "ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28". Nature. 397 (6716): 263–6. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..263H. doi:10.1038/16717. PMID 9930702. S2CID 4415254.
^ Yoshinaga SK, Whoriskey JS, Khare SD, Sarmiento U, Guo J, Horan T, Shih G, Zhang M, Coccia MA, Kohno T, Tafuri-Bladt A, Brankow D, Campbell P, Chang D, Chiu L, Dai T, Duncan G, Elliott GS, Hui A, McCabe SM, Scully S, Shahinian A, Shaklee CL, Van G, Mak TW, Senaldi G (Dec 1999). "T-cell co-stimulation through B7RP-1 and ICOS". Nature. 402 (6763): 827–32. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..827Y. doi:10.1038/45582. PMID 10617205. S2CID 4360410.
^ "Entrez Gene: ICOS inducible T-cell co-stimulator".
^ Rudd CE, Schneider H (Jul 2003). "Unifying concepts in CD28, ICOS and CTLA4 co-receptor signalling". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 3 (7): 544–56. doi:10.1038/nri1131. PMID 12876557. S2CID 19833513.
^ Dong C, Juedes AE, Temann UA, Shresta S, Allison JP, Ruddle NH, Flavell RA (Jan 2001). "ICOS co-stimulatory receptor is essential for T-cell activation and function". Nature. 409 (6816): 97–101. Bibcode:2001Natur.409...97D. doi:10.1038/35051100. PMID 11343121. S2CID 11891841.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163600 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026009 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9930702-5] Hutloff A, Dittrich AM, Beier KC, Eljaschewitsch B, Kraft R, Anagnostopoulos I, Kroczek RA (Jan 1999). "ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28". Nature. 397 (6716): 263–6. Bibcode:1999Natur.397..263H. doi:10.1038/16717. PMID 9930702. S2CID 4415254.

[pmid10617205-6] Yoshinaga SK, Whoriskey JS, Khare SD, Sarmiento U, Guo J, Horan T, Shih G, Zhang M, Coccia MA, Kohno T, Tafuri-Bladt A, Brankow D, Campbell P, Chang D, Chiu L, Dai T, Duncan G, Elliott GS, Hui A, McCabe SM, Scully S, Shahinian A, Shaklee CL, Van G, Mak TW, Senaldi G (Dec 1999). "T-cell co-stimulation through B7RP-1 and ICOS". Nature. 402 (6763): 827–32. Bibcode:1999Natur.402..827Y. doi:10.1038/45582. PMID 10617205. S2CID 4360410.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: ICOS inducible T-cell co-stimulator".

[pmid12876557-8] Rudd CE, Schneider H (Jul 2003). "Unifying concepts in CD28, ICOS and CTLA4 co-receptor signalling". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 3 (7): 544–56. doi:10.1038/nri1131. PMID 12876557. S2CID 19833513.

[pmid11343121-9] Dong C, Juedes AE, Temann UA, Shresta S, Allison JP, Ruddle NH, Flavell RA (Jan 2001). "ICOS co-stimulatory receptor is essential for T-cell activation and function". Nature. 409 (6816): 97–101. Bibcode:2001Natur.409...97D. doi:10.1038/35051100. PMID 11343121. S2CID 11891841.

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