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COVID-19 vaccine clinical research uses clinical research to establish the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines. These characteristics include efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. As of November 2022[update], 40 vaccines are authorized by at least one national regulatory authority for public use:[1][2]
- one DNA vaccine: ZyCoV-D[3]
- four RNA vaccines: Pfizer–BioNTech,[4] Moderna,[5] Walvax, and Gemcovac
- twelve inactivated vaccines: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,[6][7] CoronaVac,[6] Covaxin,[6] CoviVac, COVIran Barekat, FAKHRAVAC, Minhai-Kangtai, QazVac, Sinopharm BIBP,[6] WIBP, Turkovac, and VLA2001.[6]
- six viral vector vaccines: Sputnik Light, Sputnik V, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Convidecia, Janssen, and iNCOVACC
- sixteen subunit vaccines: Abdala, Corbevax,[6] COVAX-19, EpiVacCorona, IndoVac, MVC-COV1901,[6] Noora, Novavax,[6] Razi Cov Pars, Sanofi–GSK, Sinopharm CNBG, Skycovione, Soberana 02,[6] Soberana Plus, V-01, and ZF2001.[6]
- one virus-like particle vaccine: CoVLP[6]
As of June 2022[update], 353 vaccine candidates are in various stages of development, with 135 in clinical research, including 38 in phase I trials, 32 in phase I–II trials, 39 in phase III trials, and 9 in phase IV development.[1]
- ^ a b "COVID-19 vaccine tracker (Refresh URL to update)". vac-lshtm.shinyapps.io. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
- ^ "Approved Vaccines". COVID 19 Vaccine Tracker, McGill University. 12 July 2021.
- ^ Biswas S (20 August 2021). "Zydus Cadila: India approves world's first DNA Covid vaccine". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "FDA Approves First COVID-19 Vaccine". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Press release). 23 August 2021. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccines for Children Down to 6 Months of Age". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Press release). 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cite error: The named reference
Hotezwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Shihua T, Jinyu L, Wei X, Wen W, Difan F, Yushuo Z (9 June 2021). "China's Sixth Covid-19 Vaccine Is Approved for Emergency Use". Yicai Global. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.