COVID-19 vaccine clinical research

COVID-19 vaccine clinical research uses clinical research to establish the characteristics of COVID-19 vaccines. These characteristics include efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. As of November 2022, 40 vaccines are authorized by at least one national regulatory authority for public use:[1][2]

As of June 2022, 353 vaccine candidates are in various stages of development, with 135 in clinical research, including 38 in phase I trials, 32 in phase I–II trials, 39 in phase III trials, and 9 in phase IV development.[1]

  1. ^ a b "COVID-19 vaccine tracker (Refresh URL to update)". vac-lshtm.shinyapps.io. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  2. ^ "Approved Vaccines". COVID 19 Vaccine Tracker, McGill University. 12 July 2021.
  3. ^ Biswas S (20 August 2021). "Zydus Cadila: India approves world's first DNA Covid vaccine". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  4. ^ "FDA Approves First COVID-19 Vaccine". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Press release). 23 August 2021. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  5. ^ "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccines for Children Down to 6 Months of Age". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Press release). 17 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cite error: The named reference Hotez was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Shihua T, Jinyu L, Wei X, Wen W, Difan F, Yushuo Z (9 June 2021). "China's Sixth Covid-19 Vaccine Is Approved for Emergency Use". Yicai Global. Archived from the original on 13 April 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.