Cagots/Agotes | |
|---|---|
 A collage of photos taken of Agotes in Bozate at the beginning of the 20th Century | |
| Total population | |
| Unknown | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Spain (Basque Country and Navarre) and France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Occitania) | |
| Languages | |
| French, Occitan, Spanish, Basque | |
| Religion | |
| Predominately Roman Catholicism, with a minority Calvinism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Caquins, Cascarots, Occitans, Leonese |
The Cagots (pronounced [ka.ɡo]) were a persecuted minority who lived in the west of France and northern Spain: the Navarrese Pyrenees, Basque provinces, Béarn, Aragón, Gascony and Brittany. Evidence of the group exists as far back as 1000 CE. The name they were known by varied across the regions where they lived.[a]
The origins of the Cagots remain uncertain, with various hypotheses proposed throughout history. Some theories suggest they were descendants of biblical or legendary figures cursed of God, or the descendants of medieval lepers, while others propose they were related to the Cathars or even a fallen guild of carpenters. Some suggest descent from a variety of other marginalized racial or religious groups. Despite the varied and often mythical explanations for their origins, the only consistent aspect of the Cagots was their societal exclusion and the lack of any distinct physical or cultural traits differentiating them from the general population.
The discriminatory treatment they faced included social segregation and restrictions on marriage and occupation. Despite laws and edicts from higher levels of government and religious authorities, this discrimination persisted into the 20th century.
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