Calamus arctifrons

Calamus arctifrons
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Acanthuriformes
Family:	Sparidae
Genus:	Calamus
Species:	C. arctifrons
Binomial name
Calamus arctifrons Goode & T. H. Bean, 1882

Calamus arctifrons, the grass porgy, is a marine fish species belonging to the family Sparidae, widely recognized for its association with reef environments and its distinct ecological and recreational importance. Found primarily in the western Atlantic Ocean, this species is known for its streamlined body, silver coloration with subtle patterns, and its adaptability to various habitats, including seagrass beds and sandy-bottom areas.^[1]

Grass porgies exhibit a moderately compressed, oval body with a blunt snout and relatively small mouth. The body coloration ranges from silvery to grayish, often with faint vertical bands or mottling that aids in camouflage among seagrass and sandy substrates. They typically reach lengths of 15–25 cm (6-10 inches),^[2] although larger specimens have been recorded. Key physical features include a dorsal fin with sharp spines followed by soft rays, providing a distinct ridged appearance; a slightly protrusible mouth equipped with small, sharp teeth suited for omnivorous feeding; and a forked caudal fin, which contributes to their agility in navigating complex habitats.

Grass porgies are native to the western Atlantic, ranging from the southeastern United States (including Florida) to parts of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.^[3] They prefer shallow, coastal waters up to 30 meters (about 100 feet) deep and are frequently associated with seagrass meadows, reefs, and sandy bottoms.

Grass porgies are diurnal and primarily benthic feeders.^[4] They exhibit a diet that reflects their omnivorous tendencies, feeding on small crustaceans, bivalves, and gastropods, which they crush using their strong pharyngeal teeth. Algae and detritus are consumed particularly in seagrass habitats. These fish play a vital ecological role in contributing to the balance of benthic communities.

Socially, they are often observed in small groups, though solitary individuals are not uncommon.

The IUCN has evaluated Calamus arctifrons as a species of least concern, and its populations appear stable across most of its range.^[5] However, efforts to protect coastal habitats and manage fisheries sustainably are crucial for ensuring the long-term health of grass porgy populations.