Calculating Space

An elementary process in Zuse's Calculating Space: Two digital particles A and B form a new digital particle C.[1]

Calculating Space (German: Rechnender Raum) is Konrad Zuse's 1969 book on automata theory. He proposed that all processes in the universe are computational.[2] This view is known today as the simulation hypothesis, digital philosophy, digital physics or pancomputationalism.[3] Zuse proposed that the universe is being computed by some sort of cellular automaton or other discrete computing machinery,[2] challenging the long-held view that some physical laws are continuous by nature. He focused on cellular automata as a possible substrate of the computation, and pointed out that the classical notions of entropy and its growth do not make sense in deterministically computed universes.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zuse_1967_RR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mainzer-Chua_2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Müller_2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).