Campaniform sensilla

Cross-section of a campaniform sensillum. Each sensillum is embedded in a cuticular socket and innervated by a single sensory neuron. The neuron is excited when strain in the cuticle deforms the socket edges (collar) and indents the flexible cuticular dome (cap).
Top panel: Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of campaniform sensilla on the tarsus of Drosophila melanogaster. Bottom panel: SEM of campaniform on the base of the haltere of a sarcophagid fly.

Campaniform sensilla are a class of mechanoreceptors found in insects, which respond to local stress and strain within the animal's cuticle. Campaniform sensilla function as proprioceptors that detect mechanical load as resistance to muscle contraction,[1][2] similar to mammalian Golgi tendon organs.[3][4] Sensory feedback from campaniform sensilla is integrated in the control of posture and locomotion.[5][6]

  1. ^ Zill SN, Schmitz J, Chaudhry S, Büschges A (September 2012). "Force encoding in stick insect legs delineates a reference frame for motor control". Journal of Neurophysiology. 108 (5): 1453–72. doi:10.1152/jn.00274.2012. PMC 3774582. PMID 22673329.
  2. ^ Zill SN, Chaudhry S, Büschges A, Schmitz J (November 2013). "Directional specificity and encoding of muscle forces and loads by stick insect tibial campaniform sensilla, including receptors with round cuticular caps". Arthropod Structure & Development. 42 (6): 455–467. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2013.10.001. PMID 24126203.
  3. ^ Duysens J, Clarac F, Cruse H (January 2000). "Load-regulating mechanisms in gait and posture: comparative aspects". Physiological Reviews. 80 (1): 83–133. doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.1.83. PMID 10617766.
  4. ^ Tuthill JC, Azim E (March 2018). "Proprioception". Current Biology. 28 (5): R194–R203. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.064. PMID 29510103.
  5. ^ Zill S, Schmitz J, Büschges A (July 2004). "Load sensing and control of posture and locomotion". Arthropod Structure & Development. 33 (3): 273–86. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2004.05.005. PMID 18089039.
  6. ^ Tuthill JC, Wilson RI (October 2016). "Mechanosensation and Adaptive Motor Control in Insects". Current Biology. 26 (20): R1022–R1038. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.070. PMC 5120761. PMID 27780045.