Campylobacter fetus

Campylobacter fetus
Computer-generated illustration of C. fetus showing the characteristic "S-shaped" morphology.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Campylobacterota
Class: "Campylobacteria"
Order: Campylobacterales
Family: Campylobacteraceae
Genus: Campylobacter
Species:
C. fetus
Binomial name
Campylobacter fetus
(Smith & Taylor 1919) Sebald & Véron 1963

Campylobacter fetus is a rod-shaped, gram-negative species of bacteria within the genus Campylobacter of phylum Pseudomonadota.[1] Identification of C. fetus species in infected animals or people is routinely performed by culture on blood or cefoperazone deoxycholate agar.[2][3] Subspecies of C. fetus commonly causes reproductive disease in ruminants and gastrointestinal disease in humans.[4] Transmission of C. fetus subspecies venerealis occurs mainly through venereal contact while transmission of C. fetus subspecies fetus occurs mainly through ingestion of bacteria in a contaminated environment.[5] Infertility in cattle and abortion in sheep are common outcomes of infection associated with C. fetus subspecies venerealis and C. fetus subspecies fetus, respectively.[4] Disease in humans occurs through zoonotic transmission of C. fetus mainly via ingestion of contaminated food or water sources.[6] C. fetus can be diagnosed with polymerase chain reaction assays, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and vaginal mucus agglutination testing. As vaccines are typically not efficient in preventing future spread, infected bulls are often culled.[7][8] Human infections may be treated with erythromycin as antimicrobial resistance has been emerging for the fluoroquinolones.[9][10]

  1. ^ Perez-Perez, Guillermo I.; Blaser, Martin J. (1996), Baron, Samuel (ed.), "Campylobacter and Helicobacter", Medical Microbiology (4th ed.), Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, ISBN 978-0-9631172-1-2, PMID 21413331, retrieved 2020-10-07
  2. ^ Silveira, Caroline da Silva; Fraga, Martin; Giannitti, Federico; Macías-Rioseco, Melissa; Riet-Correa, Franklin (2018). "Diagnosis of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis in South America". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5: 321. doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00321. PMC 6302017. PMID 30619902.
  3. ^ "Charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate (CCD) agar — Modified". Culture Media for Food Microbiology. Progress in Industrial Microbiology. Vol. 34. Elsevier. 1995. pp. 284–286. doi:10.1016/S0079-6352(05)80030-X. ISBN 978-0-444-81498-2.
  4. ^ a b Skirrow, M.B. (August 1994). "Diseases due to Campylobacter, Helicobacter and related bacteria". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 111 (2): 113–149. doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(05)80046-5. PMID 7806700.
  5. ^ Michi, Aubrey N.; Favetto, Pedro H.; Kastelic, John; Cobo, Eduardo R. (March 2016). "A review of sexually transmitted bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis affecting cattle reproductive health". Theriogenology. 85 (5): 781–791. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.037. PMID 26679515.
  6. ^ Fitzgerald, Collette (June 2015). "Campylobacter". Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 35 (2): 289–298. doi:10.1016/j.cll.2015.03.001. PMID 26004643.
  7. ^ Clark, B. L.; Dufty, J. H. (May 1982). "The Duration of Protection Against Infection with Campylobacter Fetus Subsp. Venerealis in Immunised Bulls". Australian Veterinary Journal. 58 (5): 220. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1982.tb00680.x. PMID 7138441.
  8. ^ Fenwick, S.G.; West, D.M.; Hunter, J.E.B.; Sargison, N.D.; Ahmed, F.; Lumsden, J.S.; Collett, M.G. (October 2000). "Campylobacter fetus fetus abortions in vaccinated ewes". New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 48 (5): 155–157. doi:10.1080/00480169.2000.36184. PMID 16032144. S2CID 9342076.
  9. ^ Acheson, D.; Allos, B. M. (15 April 2001). "Campylobacter jejuni Infections: Update on Emerging Issues and Trends". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 32 (8): 1201–1206. doi:10.1086/319760. PMID 11283810.
  10. ^ Tang, Yizhi; Sahin, Orhan; Pavlovic, Nada; LeJeune, Jeff; Carlson, James; Wu, Zuowei; Dai, Lei; Zhang, Qijing (December 2017). "Rising fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter isolated from feedlot cattle in the United States". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 494. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..494T. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00584-z. PMC 5428712. PMID 28356558.