Canary Islands

"Canary Island" redirects here. For the locality in Australia, see Canary Island, Victoria.

Canary Islands
Canarias (Spanish)
Autonomous community of Spain and outermost region of the European Union
Flag of the Canary Islands
Flag
Canary Islands
Coat of arms
Anthem: "Anthem of the Canaries"
Location of the Canary Islands (red) within Spain
Location of the Canary Islands (red) within Spain
CountrySpain
CapitalSanta Cruz de Tenerife (executive and legislative) and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (executive and judicial)
28°0′N 15°45′W / 28.000°N 15.750°W / 28.000; -15.750
Largest cityLas Palmas de Gran Canaria
Demonym(s)Canarian
canario/-a (Spanish)
Area
• Total
7,493 km2 (2,893 sq mi) (1.88% of Spain; 13th)
Population
• 2021 estimate
2,172,944[1] (8th)
• Density
290/km2 (751.1/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)2022 estimate
• Total
€49.020 billion[2]
• Per capita
€22,303
Time zoneUTC (WET)
 • Summer (DST)
UTC+1 (WEST)
ISO 3166 code
Most populated islandTenerife[3]
Official languageSpanish
Statute of Autonomy7 November 2018
ParliamentCanarian Parliament
Congress seats15 (of 350)
Senate seats14 (of 265)
HDI (2021)0.871[4]
very high * 15th
Websitewww.gobiernodecanarias.org/principal/

The Canary Islands (/kəˈnɛəri/, Spanish: Canarias, Spanish: [kaˈnaɾjas]), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish region, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are 100 kilometres (62 miles) west of Morocco. They are the southernmost of the autonomous communities of Spain. The islands have a population of 2.2 million people and are the most populous special territory of the European Union.[5][6]

The seven main islands are from largest to smallest in area, Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, and El Hierro. The only other populated island is La Graciosa, which administratively is dependent on Lanzarote. The archipelago includes many smaller islands and islets, including Alegranza, Isla de Lobos, Montaña Clara, Roque del Oeste, and Roque del Este. It includes a number of rocks, including Garachico and Anaga. In ancient times, the island chain was often referred to as "the Fortunate Isles".[7] The Canary Islands are the southernmost region of Spain, and the largest and most populous archipelago of Macaronesia.[8] Because of their location, the Canary Islands have historically been considered a link between the four continents of Africa, North America, South America, and Europe.[9]

In 2023, the Canary Islands had a population of 2,236,013,[10] with a density of 299 inhabitants per km2, making it the seventh most populous autonomous community of Spain. The population is mostly concentrated in the two capital islands: around 43% on the island of Tenerife and 40% on the island of Gran Canaria.

The Canary Islands, especially Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, and Lanzarote, are a major tourist destination, with over 16 million visitors in 2023.[11][full citation needed] This is due to their beaches, subtropical climate, and important natural attractions, especially Maspalomas in Gran Canaria and Mount Teide, a World Heritage Site in Tenerife. Mount Teide is the highest peak in Spain and the 3rd tallest volcano in the world, measured from its base on the ocean floor.[12] The islands have warm summers and winters warm enough for the climate to be technically tropical at sea level.[13] The amount of precipitation and the level of maritime moderation vary depending on location and elevation. The archipelago includes green areas as well as semi-desert. The islands' high mountains are ideal for astronomical observation, because they lie above the temperature inversion layer. As a result, the archipelago has two professional astronomical observatories: the Teide Observatory on Tenerife, and Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma.[14]

In 1927, the Province of Canary Islands was split into two provinces. In 1982, the autonomous community of the Canary Islands was established. The cities of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria are, jointly, the capitals of the islands.[15][16][17] Those cities are also, respectively, the capitals of the provinces of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Las Palmas. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria has been the largest city in the Canaries since 1768, except for a brief period in the 1910s.[18] Between the 1833 territorial division of Spain and 1927, Santa Cruz de Tenerife was the sole capital of the Canary Islands. In 1927, it was ordered by decree that the capital of the Canary Islands would be shared between two cities, and this arrangement persists to the present day.[16][19] The third largest city in the Canary Islands is San Cristóbal de La Laguna, another World Heritage Site on Tenerife.[20][21][22]

During the Age of Sail, the islands were the main stopover for Spanish galleons during the Spanish colonisation of the Americas, which sailed that far south in order to catch the prevailing northeasterly trade winds.[23][24]

  1. ^ "Población por comunidades y ciudades autónomas y sexo". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
  2. ^ "Contabilidad Regional de España" (PDF). www.ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Real Decreto 743/2019, de 20 de diciembre, por el que se declaran oficiales las cifras de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal referidas al 1 de enero de 2019". BOE (in Spanish). 27 December 2019. pp. 141278–141281. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  4. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  5. ^ Utreta, Federico (1996). Canarias, secreto de estado: episodios inéditos de la transición política y militar en las islas. Madrid: Mateos López Editores. p. 291.
  6. ^ Tamaimos. "Canarias está en África". tamaimos.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
  7. ^ Benjamin, Thomas (2009). The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and Their Shared History, 1400–1900. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 9780521850995.
  8. ^ "La Macaronesia. Consideraciones geológicas, biogeográficas y paleoecológicas". Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
  9. ^ "Canarias, un puente entre continentes". La Nación. 19 November 2002. Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
  10. ^ "Canarias - Población 2023 | Datosmacro.com". datosmacro.expansion.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  11. ^ [Tourist arrivals in the Canary Islands "Tourist arrivals in the Canary Islands in 2023"]. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ Página web Archived 29 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine del ISTAC sobre entrada de turistas en Canarias.
  13. ^ "Canary Islands Weather and Climate". Worldtravelguide.net. Archived from the original on 31 May 2008. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  14. ^ "First Light for Laser Guide Star Technology Collaboration". European Southern Observatory. Archived from the original on 24 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  15. ^ "Ley Orgánica 1/2018, de 5 de noviembre, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias". BOE (in Spanish). 6 November 2018. pp. 107645–107708. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
  16. ^ a b "Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833 – Wikisource". es.wikisource.org (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  17. ^ Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833 Archived 22 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine en el sitio web oficial del Gobierno de Canarias
  18. ^ "La población de Canarias se ha multiplicado por trece en los últimos 250 años". Canarias7.es. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2011.
  19. ^ Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833 Archived 22 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine at the official website of the Canary Islands Government
  20. ^ "La Laguna. Guía turística de Tenerife. Tenerife, la isla de la eterna primavera". Tenerife2.com. Publiceuta S.L. 5 January 2009. Archived from the original on 24 November 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  21. ^ "2.2.6. Diagnóstico" (PDF). Plan Territorial Especial De Ordenación Del Sistema Viario Del Área Metropolitana De Tenerife (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  22. ^ "Presentación general de la isla". Dracma (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2010.
  23. ^ "1733 Spanish Galleon Trail, Plate Fleets". flheritage.com. Florida Department of State. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  24. ^ "Trade Winds and the Hadley Cell". earthguide.ucsd.edu. Calspace, University of California, San Diego. 24 June 2013. Archived from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2016.