A Candidate of Sciences[a] is a PhD-equivalent academic research degree in many post-Soviet and Eastern European countries, including Russia, Czechia, Slovakia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. It is officially classified by UNESCO as ISCED level 8, "doctoral or equivalent". In those countries conferring the Candidate of Sciences degrees, a more advanced degree, Doctor of Sciences, is usually conferred as a higher doctorate.[1][2]
The Candidate of Sciences degree may be recognized as a Doctor of Philosophy, usually in natural sciences, by scientific institutions in other countries.[1][2]
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- ^ a b UNESCO. Revision of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
- ^ a b Kouptsov, Oleg. Mutual Recognition of Qualification: The Russian Federation and The Other European Countries (PDF). UNESCO. p. 97. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-01. Retrieved 2018-03-30.