Canine Chiari-like malformation

Chiari-like malformation (CM) the most common cause of foramen magnum obstruction and syringomyelia in dogs. Syringomyelia (SM) is a disease of the spinal cord typified by fluid filled cavities, or syrinxes, within the spinal cord substance but it can cause pain by disrupting the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), in the brain [1] CM is a condition characterized by the mismatch of size between the brain and the skull.[2][3] CM is very widespread in many Toy breed dogs and has been studied in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and the Griffon Bruxellois (Brussels Griffon) and Chihuahua.[4] As many as 95% of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may have CM.[5] It is worldwide in scope and not limited to any country, breeding line, or kennel, and experts report that it is believed to be inherited [6] CM is so widespread in the Cavalier that it may be an inherent part of the CKCS's breed standard.[7] This disease not only affects thousands of dogs, but a similar condition affects over three hundred thousand children yearly.[8] Therefore, canines are an appropriate model for the treatment of the human condition.[8]

  1. ^ "Chiari-like Malformation and Syringomyelia – Veterinary Neurologist".
  2. ^ Knowler SP, Cross C, Griffiths S, McFadyen AK, Jovanovik J, Tauro A, Kibar Z, Driver CJ, La Ragione RM, Rusbridge C (2017-01-25). "Use of Morphometric Mapping to Characterise Symptomatic Chiari-Like Malformation, Secondary Syringomyelia and Associated Brachycephaly in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel". PLOS ONE. 12 (1): e0170315. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1270315K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170315. PMC 5266281. PMID 28122014.
  3. ^ Knowler SP, Galea GL, Rusbridge C (2018). "Morphogenesis of Canine Chiari Malformation and Secondary Syringomyelia: Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 5: 171. doi:10.3389/fvets.2018.00171. PMC 6074093. PMID 30101146.
  4. ^ Knowler SP, Kiviranta AM, McFadyen AK, Jokinen TS, La Ragione RM, Rusbridge C (2017-01-25). "Craniometric Analysis of the Hindbrain and Craniocervical Junction of Chihuahua, Affenpinscher and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs With and Without Syringomyelia Secondary to Chiari-Like Malformation". PLOS ONE. 12 (1): e0169898. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1269898K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169898. PMC 5266279. PMID 28121988.
  5. ^ Loughin CA (March 2016). "Chiari-like Malformation". The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice. 46 (2): 231–42. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.10.002. PMID 26631589.
  6. ^ Lemay P, Knowler SP, Bouasker S, Nédélec Y, Platt S, Freeman C, Child G, Barreiro LB, Rouleau GA, Rusbridge C, Kibar Z (2014-04-16). "Quantitative trait loci (QTL) study identifies novel genomic regions associated to Chiari-like malformation in Griffon Bruxellois dogs". PLOS ONE. 9 (4): e89816. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...989816L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089816. PMC 3989173. PMID 24740420.
  7. ^ "Syringomyelia (SM) and the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel".
  8. ^ a b "Chiari-Like Malformation in Dogs Non-invasive Screening Tests". www.nyvf.org. Archived from the original on 2010-10-12.