| Caproni Campini N.1 | |
|---|---|
 A Caproni Campini N.1 in flight. The canopies are left open to cool down the cockpit. | |
| General information | |
| Type | Experimental aircraft |
| National origin | Italy |
| Manufacturer | Caproni |
| Designer | |
| Status | Prototypes only |
| Primary user | Regia Aeronautica |
| Number built | 2 |
| History | |
| First flight | 27 August 1940 |
| Developed into | Caproni Campini Ca.183bis |
The Caproni Campini N.1, also known as the C.C.2, is an experimental jet aircraft built in the 1930s by Italian aircraft manufacturer Caproni. The N.1 first flew in 1940 and was briefly regarded as the first successful jet-powered aircraft in history, before news emerged of the German Heinkel He 178's first flight a year earlier.[1]
During 1931, Italian aeronautics engineer Secondo Campini submitted his studies on jet propulsion, including a proposal for a so-called thermo-jet to power an aircraft. Following a high-profile demonstration of a jet-powered boat in Venice, Campini was rewarded with an initial contract issued by the Italian government to develop and manufacture his proposed engine. During 1934, the Regia Aeronautica (the Italian Air Force) granted its approval to proceed with the production of two jet-powered prototype aircraft. To produce this aircraft, which was officially designated as the N.1, Campini formed an arrangement with the larger Caproni aviation manufacturer.[2]
The N.1 is powered by a motorjet, a type of jet engine in which the compressor is driven by a conventional reciprocating engine.[3] On 27 August 1940, the first flight of the N.1 took place at the Caproni facility in Taliedo, outside Milan, flown by Mario de Bernardi.[4]
The N.1 achieved mixed results; while it was perceived and commended as a crucial milestone in aviation (until the revelation of the He 178's earlier flight), the performance of the aircraft was unimpressive. It was slower than many existing conventional aircraft of the era,[3] while the motorjet engine was incapable of producing sufficient thrust to deliver adequate performance for a fighter aircraft. As such, the N.1 programme never led to any operational combat aircraft, and the motorjet design was soon superseded by more powerful turbojets. Only one of the two examples of the N.1 to have been constructed has survived to the present day.[5]
- ^ Enzo Angelucci; Paolo Matricardi. Campini Caproni C.C.2 in Guida agli Aeroplani di tutto il Mondo. Mondadori Editore. Milano, 1979. Vol. 5, pp. 218–219.
- ^ Alegi 2014, pp. 78–81.
- ^ a b Alegi 2014, pp. 83.
- ^ Alegi 2014, pp. 85.
- ^ Butler 2019, p. 88-89.