Carl Jung

"Jung" redirects here. For his grandfather, a professor of medicine, see Karl Gustav Jung. For other uses, see Jung (disambiguation).

Carl Jung
Jung, c. 1935
Born
Carl Gustav Jung

(1875-07-26)26 July 1875
Kesswil, Thurgau, Switzerland
Died6 June 1961(1961-06-06) (aged 85)
Küsnacht, Zürich, Switzerland
Alma mater
Known for
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1903; died 1955)​
Children5
RelativesKarl Gustav Jung (grandfather)
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
Doctoral advisorEugen Bleuler
Signature
Part of a series of articles on
Psychoanalysis
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Carl Gustav Jung (/jʊŋ/ YUUNG;[1][2] German: [kaʁl ˈjʊŋ]; 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist, psychologist and pioneering evolutionary theorist who founded the school of analytical psychology.[3][a] He was a prolific author, illustrator, and correspondent, and a complex and controversial character, perhaps best known through his "autobiography" Memories, Dreams, Reflections.[6]

Jung's work has been influential in the fields of psychiatry, anthropology, archaeology, literature, philosophy, psychology,[7] religious studies and evolutionary theory.[3] He worked as a research scientist at the Burghölzli psychiatric hospital, in Zurich, under Eugen Bleuler. Jung established himself as an influential mind, developing a friendship with Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, conducting a lengthy correspondence paramount to their joint vision of human psychology. Jung is widely regarded as one of the most influential psychologists in history.[8][9]

Freud saw the younger Jung not only as the heir he had been seeking to take forward his "new science" of psychoanalysis, but as a means to legitimize his own work: Freud and other contemporary psychoanalysts were Jews facing rising antisemitism in Europe, and Jung was Christian.[10] Freud secured Jung's appointment as president of Freud's newly founded International Psychoanalytical Association. Jung's research and personal vision, however, made it difficult to follow his older colleague's doctrine and they parted ways. This division was painful for Jung and resulted in the establishment of Jung's analytical psychology, as a comprehensive system separate from psychoanalysis. Scholar Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi believed Jung's later antisemitic remarks may be a clue to the schism.[11]

Among the central concepts of analytical psychology is individuation—the lifelong psychological process of differentiation of the self out of each individual's conscious and unconscious elements. Jung considered it to be the main task of human development. He created some of the best known psychological concepts, including synchronicity, archetypal phenomena, the collective unconscious, the psychological complex, and extraversion and introversion. His belief that some alcoholics may recover if they have a 'spiritual or religious experience' indirectly influenced the later founding of Alcoholics Anonymous.[12] Jung was an artist, craftsman, builder, and prolific writer. Many of his works were not published until after his death and some remain unpublished.[13]

  1. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
  2. ^ Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Setter, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-15255-6.
  3. ^ a b Clark, Gary (2024). Carl Jung and the Evolutionary Sciences. doi:10.4324/9781032624549. ISBN 978-1-032-62454-9.
  4. ^ Jung, C. G. (1 September 1973). "Editorial Note (Vol. IV)". Collected Works of C.G. Jung: The First Complete English Edition of the Works of C.G. Jung. Routledge. p. lxxxix. ISBN 978-1-317-53016-9.
  5. ^ Eisold, Kenneth (2002). "Jung, Jungians, and psychoanalysis". Psychoanalytic Psychology. 19 (3): 502–503. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.19.3.501. ISSN 1939-1331.
  6. ^ Kingsley, Peter (2018). Catafalque. London: Catafalque Press. pp. 78–79. ISBN 9781999638412.
  7. ^ Darowski, Emily; Darowski, Joseph (1 June 2016). "Carl Jung's Historic Place in Psychology and Continuing Influence in Narrative Studies and American Popular Culture". Swiss American Historical Society Review. 52 (2). ISSN 0883-4814.
  8. ^ "Carl Jung - One of the Most Influential Psychiatrists of All Time". 26 July 2022.
  9. ^ Corbett, Sara (16 September 2009). "The Holy Grail of the Unconscious". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  10. ^ Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi (1991). Freud's Moses. Yale University Press. p. 42. ISBN 0-300-05756-3. Freud wrote, "[I]t was only by his appearance on the scene that psycho-analysis escaped the danger of becoming a Jewish national affair."
  11. ^ Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi (1991). Freud's Moses. Yale University Press. p. 50. ISBN 0-300-05756-3.
  12. ^ Alcoholics Anonymous (1984). "Pass it on" : the story of Bill Wilson and how the A.A. message reached the world. Internet Archive. New York : Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. ISBN 978-0-916856-12-0.
  13. ^ "The Life of Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961)", Carl Gustav Jung, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, pp. 1–38, 2001, doi:10.4135/9781446218921.n1, ISBN 978-0-7619-6238-0


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