| Carpinus caroliniana | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Betulaceae |
| Genus: | Carpinus |
| Species: | C. caroliniana
|
| Binomial name | |
| Carpinus caroliniana | |
| |
| Natural range of C. caroliniana | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Carpinus caroliniana, the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood understory tree in the genus Carpinus. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota and southern Ontario east to Maine, and south to eastern Texas and northern Florida. It also grows in Canada (southwest Quebec and southeast Ontario).[3][4] It occurs naturally in shaded areas with moist soil, particularly near the banks of streams or rivers, and is often a natural constituent understory species of the riverine and maritime forests of eastern temperate North America.
- ^ Stritch, L.; Shaw, K.; Roy , S.; Wilson, B. (2014). "Carpinus caroliniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T194277A2308692. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194277A2308692.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ "Carpinus caroliniana". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 April 2015 – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
- ^ "Carpinus caroliniana". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Metzger, F. T. (1990). "Carpinus caroliniana". In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.). Hardwoods. Silvics of North America. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – via Southern Research Station.