Catharus

Catharus
Black-headed nightingale-thrush (Catharus mexicanus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Turdidae
Genus: Catharus
Bonaparte, 1850
Type species
Turdus immaculatus[1]
Bonaparte, 1850

The genus Catharus is an evolutionary clade of forest-dwelling passerine birds in the family Turdidae (thrushes), commonly known as nightingale-thrushes. The extant species are widely distributed across the Americas and are descended from a common ancestor that lived 4–6 million years ago.[2] Most of the species are shy of humans, seldom leaving the cover of dense forest vegetation, where their activities are hidden from view. Thus, many fundamental aspects of their biology and life histories are poorly known.[3][4][5]

Nightingale-thrushes are small omnivorous songbirds that, like their sister species the wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), exhibit a variety of migratory and non-migratory habits.[2][6] Multiple species are long-distance migrants that breed in North America and "winter" in the Neotropics. The breeding range of one migratory species, the gray-cheeked thrush (C. minimus), extends into eastern Siberia. The remainder of the migratory species are restricted to the Americas, notwithstanding occasional vagrant records in Europe[7] and northeast Asia.[8] The non-migratory species are residents of the Neotropical realm.[9][10][11][12][5]

  1. ^ "Turdidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
  2. ^ a b Voelker, Gary; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Klicka, John (2013). "Gene trees, species trees and Earth history combine to shed light on the evolution of migration in a model avian system". Molecular Ecology. 22 (12): 3333–3344. Bibcode:2013MolEc..22.3333V. doi:10.1111/mec.12305. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 23710782. S2CID 28796611.
  3. ^ Goetz, James E.; McFarland, Kent P.; Rimmer, Christopher C. (2003). "Multiple Paternity and Multiple Male Feeders in Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli)". The Auk. 120 (4): 1044–1053. doi:10.2307/4090275. ISSN 0004-8038. JSTOR 4090275.
  4. ^ Halley, Matthew R.; Heckscher, Christopher M.; Kalavacharla, Venugopal (2016-06-22). "Multi-Generational Kinship, Multiple Mating, and Flexible Modes of Parental Care in a Breeding Population of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens), a Trans-Hemispheric Migratory Songbird". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0157051. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1157051H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157051. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4917174. PMID 27331399.
  5. ^ a b Greeney, Harold F.; Dyrcz, Andrzej; Mikusek, Romuald; Port, Jeff (2015-06-01). "Cooperative Breeding at a Nest of Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrushes (Catharus fuscater)". The Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 127 (2): 323–325. doi:10.1676/wils-127-02-323-325.1. ISSN 1559-4491. S2CID 83730135.
  6. ^ Winker, Kevin & Pruett, Christin L. (2006): "Seasonal migration, speciation, and morphological convergence in the avian genus Catharus (Turdidae). Archived 2007-10-25 at the Wayback Machine" Auk 123(4): 1052-1068. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1052:SMSAMC]2.0.CO;2
  7. ^ Hachenberg, Andreas (2017). "Seltene Vogelarten in Baden-Württemberg 2015". Ornithologische Gesellschaft Baden-Württemberg. 33: 115–127.
  8. ^ Brazil, Mark (2009) Birds of East Asia ISBN 978-0-7136-7040-0 page 400 – 402
  9. ^ Ortiz-Ramírez, Marco F.; Andersen, Michael J.; Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro; Ornelas, Juan Francisco; Navarro-Sigüenza, Adolfo G. (2016-01-01). "Geographic isolation drives divergence of uncorrelated genetic and song variation in the Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus frantzii; Aves: Turdidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94 (Pt A): 74–86. Bibcode:2016MolPE..94...74O. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.08.017. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 26302950.
  10. ^ Tenorio, Elkin A.; Londoño, Gustavo A. (2019-11-10). "Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus". Journal of Natural History. 53 (41–42): 2563–2578. Bibcode:2019JNatH..53.2563T. doi:10.1080/00222933.2019.1708493. ISSN 0022-2933. S2CID 213438119.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).