Catherine Bonney (née Van Rensselaer; December 23, 1817 – June 29, 1891) was a pioneering American missionary who established a boarding school in Macao that supported young, impoverished girls, despite the opposition she faced from her larger missionary organization. Following her husband's death, she traveled to Peking under the Woman's Union Missionary Society and founded a second school; this trip marked the first time that women were sent to the mission field alone. She went on to create the Eurasian school at Shanghai, which was the first secondary school aimed to provide education for mixed-race orphans at Shanghai.