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Censorship in Francoist Spain was mandated by Francisco Franco in Francoist Spain, between 1936–1975. In Francoist Spain, primary subjects of censorship included public display of liberal political ideology, art forms such as literature and film, as well as symbols of foreign, non-conservative ideologies. This censorship was primarily driven by Franco's vision for ideological unity in Spain.[1][2] As a result, Franco called for the censorship of materials that promoted liberal ideas from abroad, particular those of European origin. Aside from censorship of foreign ideology, symbols of Spanish identity, such as Catalonia, also became primary targets of censorship. Under his authoritarian reign, censorship was imposed primarily through systemic political repression. The Francoist State repressed expression of liberal social and political ideology among the Spanish public.
Aside from strong government censorship, Franco also gained the support of the Catholic Church in perpetuating censorship. Beyond censorship motivated by the Francoist State, individual critics had other, non-political interests that led them to becoming censors as well.[2][3] For example, individual censors would alter a text for clarity and coherence, or rewrite reviews on grounds of propriety as they deemed fit according to their individual standards. Political censors, on the other hand, would repress visible signs of liberal behavior and seek to paint a positive image of Franco.[3][4] Given the prevalence of censorship, Francoist Spain was also marked by a robust culture of resistance of censorship. In response to government suppression, Spain saw an era that subsequently fostered a culture of resistance, expressed in various art forms.[4]
- ^ Cornella-Detrell, Jordi (2011). "The Rewriting of Laia, el testament, Tino Costa and Incerta glòria". Literature as a Response to Cultural and Political Repression in Franco's Catalonia. Vol. 295. Boydell and Brewer. pp. 1–22. ISBN 9781855662018. JSTOR 10.7722/j.cttn346z.4.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ a b Woods, Michelle (2012). "Censoring Translation: Censorship, Theatre and the Politics of Translation". Reference and Research Book News. 27 (6): 181.
- ^ a b Billiani, Francesca (2007). Modes of Censorship and Translation: National Contexts and Diverse Media. St. Jerome Publications.
- ^ a b O'Donoghue, Samuel (2016). "In Search of a Lost Culture: Dissident Translations in Franco's Spain". Forum for Modern Language Studies. 52 (3): 311–329. doi:10.1093/fmls/cqw029.