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| Chaos | |
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| Chaos carolinensis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Phylum: | Amoebozoa |
| Class: | Tubulinea |
| Order: | Euamoebida |
| Family: | Amoebidae |
| Genus: | Chaos Linnaeus, 1767[1] |
| Type species | |
| Chaos proteus (Pallas 1766) Linnaeus 1767
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| Species | |
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Chaos is a genus of single-celled amoeboid organisms in the family Amoebidae. The largest and most-known species, the so-called "giant amoeba" (Chaos carolinensis), can reach lengths up to 5 mm, although most specimens fall between 1 and 3 mm.[3][4][5]
Members of this genus closely resemble those of the genus Amoeba and share the same general morphology, producing numerous cylindrical pseudopods, each of which is rounded at the tip.[6] However, while Amoeba have a single nucleus, Chaos can have as many as a thousand. Because of this attribute, C. carolinensis was once placed in the genus Pelomyxa alongside the giant multinucleate amoeba Pelomyxa palustris. Recently, molecular phylogenetic studies of this species have confirmed the view of some earlier researchers[7] that it is more closely related to Amoeba than to Pelomyxa.[8] The species is now placed in the independent genus Chaos, a sister group to Amoeba.
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- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Adl2005was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Chaos". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
- ^ Wilson, H. V. (July 1900). "Notes on a Species of Pelomyxa". The American Naturalist. 34 (403): 535–550. doi:10.1086/277702. JSTOR 2453844.
- ^ Kudo, Richard (1954). Protozoology (4th ed.). Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. p. 442.
- ^ Deng, Yuru; et al. (2002). "Fasting induces cyanide-resistant respiration and oxidative stress in the amoeba Chaos carolinensis : implications for the cubic structural transition in mitochondrial membranes". Protoplasma. 219 (3–4): 160–167. doi:10.1007/s007090200017. PMID 12099216. S2CID 21590883.
- ^ Patterson, David (1996). Free-Living Freshwater Protozoa: A Colour Guide. London: Manson. p. 99. ISBN 1-874545-40-5.
- ^ Short, Robert B. (1946). "Observations on the Giant Amoeba, Amoeba Carolinensis (Wilson, 1900)". The Biological Bulletin. 90 (1): 8–18. doi:10.2307/1538058. JSTOR 1538058. PMID 21014274.
- ^ Bolivar, Ignacio; et al. (2001). "SSU rRNA-based Phylogenetic Position of the Genera Amoeba and Chaos (Lobosea, Gymnamoebia): The Origin of Gymnamoebae Revisited". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (12): 2306–2314. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003777. PMID 11719580.