Charles Nelson may refer to:
- Charles P. Nelson (admiral) (1877–1935), U.S admiral
- Charles Nelson (film editor) (1901–1997), film editor of A Song to Remember
- Charles P. Nelson (congressman) (1907–1962), U.S. Representative from Maine
- Charles Nelson (Kentucky politician) (1925–2019), member of the Kentucky House of Representatives
- Charles E. Nelson (1882–1966), Wisconsin state assemblyman
- Charles Nelson (prospector) (died 1897), namesake of Nelson, Nevada
- Charles Nelson Reilly (1931–2007), game show host
- Charles Nelson & Co Ltd, Warwickshire cement manufacturer
- Charles Nelson (businessman) (1835–1891), proprietor of Nelson's Greenbrier Distillery
- Charles Nelson (writer) (1942–2003), American novelist
- Chuck Nelson (born 1960), American football player
- Charles Nelson (wide receiver), American player of Canadian football
- Charles Alexander Nelson (1839–1933), United States librarian and bibliographer
- Charles Nelson (volleyball) (born 1933), American former volleyball player
- Charles A. Nelson III, American neuroscientist
- Charles F. Nelson (1872–1940), Canadian politician
- Charles J. Nelson, American diplomat