| Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Portrait by Thomas Gainsborough, 1781 | |||||
| Tenure | 8 September 1761 – 17 November 1818 | ||||
| Coronation | 22 September 1761 | ||||
| Born | 19 May 1744 Unteres Schloß, Mirow, Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Holy Roman Empire | ||||
| Died | 17 November 1818 (aged 74)[1] Kew Palace, Kew, England | ||||
| Burial | 2 December 1818 Royal Vault, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue |
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| House | Mecklenburg-Strelitz | ||||
| Father | Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow | ||||
| Mother | Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Sophia Charlotte; 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland as the wife of King George III from their marriage on 8 September 1761 until her death in 1818. The Acts of Union 1800 unified Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. As George's wife, she was also Electress of Hanover until becoming Queen of Hanover on 12 October 1814. Charlotte was Britain's longest-serving queen consort, serving for 57 years and 70 days.
Charlotte was born into the ruling family of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, a duchy in northern Germany. In 1760, the young and unmarried George III inherited the British throne. As Charlotte was a minor German princess with no interest in politics, the King considered her a suitable consort, and they married in 1761. The marriage lasted 57 years and produced 15 children, 13 of whom survived to adulthood. They included two future British monarchs, George IV and William IV; as well as Charlotte, Princess Royal, who became Queen of Württemberg; and Prince Ernest Augustus, who became King of Hanover.
Charlotte was a patron of the arts and an amateur botanist who helped expand Kew Gardens. She introduced the Christmas tree to Britain, decorating one for a Christmas party for children of Windsor in 1800. She was distressed by her husband's bouts of physical and mental illness, which became permanent in later life. She maintained a close relationship with Queen Marie Antoinette of France, and the French Revolution is likely to have enhanced the emotional strain felt by Charlotte. Her eldest son, George, was appointed prince regent in 1811 due to the increasing severity of the King's illness. Charlotte died in November 1818, with her son George at her side. George III died a little over a year later, probably unaware of his wife's death.
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- ^ Panton, James (24 February 2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. xxxv. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.