Names | |
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IUPAC name
(5R)-[(1S)-1,2-Dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one
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Other names
Vitamin C
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
EC Number |
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E number | E300 (antioxidants, ...) |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
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Properties | |
C6H8O6 | |
Molar mass | 176.124 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | White or light yellow solid |
Density | 1.65 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 190 to 192 °C (374 to 378 °F; 463 to 465 K) decomposes |
330 g/L | |
Solubility | Insoluble in diethyl ether, chloroform, benzene, petroleum ether, oils, fats |
Solubility in ethanol | 20 g/L |
Solubility in glycerol | 10 g/L |
Solubility in propylene glycol | 50 g/L |
Acidity (pKa) | 4.10 (first), 11.6 (second) |
Pharmacology | |
A11GA01 (WHO) G01AD03 (WHO), S01XA15 (WHO) | |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
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11.9 g/kg (oral, rat)[1] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | JT Baker |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula C
6H
8O
6, originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish. It dissolves freely in water to give mildly acidic solutions. It is a mild reducing agent.
Ascorbic acid exists as two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers), commonly denoted "l" (for "levo") and "d" (for "dextro"). The l isomer is the one most often encountered: it occurs naturally in many foods, and is one form ("vitamer") of vitamin C, an essential nutrient for humans and many animals. Deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy, formerly a major disease of sailors in long sea voyages. It is used as a food additive and a dietary supplement for its antioxidant properties. The "d" form can be made via chemical synthesis, but has no significant biological role.