Chemokine receptor

Typical structure of a chemokine receptor, with seven transmembrane helices and a characteristic "DRY" motif in the second intracellular loop. Chemokine receptors are usually linked to a G-protein through which they signal.
Chemokine receptor family
Identifiers
SymbolChemokine_rcpt
InterProIPR000355

Chemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells that interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine.[1][2] There have been 20 distinct chemokine receptors discovered in humans.[3] Each has a rhodopsin-like 7-transmembrane (7TM) structure and couples to G-protein for signal transduction within a cell, making them members of a large protein family of G protein-coupled receptors. Following interaction with their specific chemokine ligands, chemokine receptors trigger a flux in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) ions (calcium signaling). This causes cell responses, including the onset of a process known as chemotaxis that traffics the cell to a desired location within the organism. Chemokine receptors are divided into different families, CXC chemokine receptors, CC chemokine receptors, CX3C chemokine receptors and XC chemokine receptors that correspond to the 4 distinct subfamilies of chemokines they bind. The four subfamilies of chemokines differ in the spacing of structurally important cysteine residues near the N-terminal of the chemokine.[4]

  1. ^ Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hébert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, Power CA (2000). "International union of pharmacology. XXII. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors" (abstract page). Pharmacol. Rev. 52 (1): 145–76. PMID 10699158.
  2. ^ Murphy PM (2002). "International Union of Pharmacology. XXX. Update on chemokine receptor nomenclature". Pharmacol. Rev. 54 (2): 227–9. doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.227. PMID 12037138. S2CID 40063223.
  3. ^ Allen, Samantha J.; Crown, Susan E.; Handel, Tracy M. (2007-01-01). "Chemokine: receptor structure, interactions, and antagonism". Annual Review of Immunology. 25: 787–820. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090529. ISSN 0732-0582. PMID 17291188.
  4. ^ Kakinuma, Takashi; Hwang, Sam T. (2006-04-01). "Chemokines, chemokine receptors, and cancer metastasis". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 79 (4): 639–651. doi:10.1189/jlb.1105633. ISSN 0741-5400. PMID 16478915.