Chiba (written: 千葉 lit. "thousand leaves") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Akira Chiba (born 1959), president of The Pokémon Company
- Chiemi Chiba (千葉 千恵巳, born 1975), Japanese voice actress and singer
- Ginko Chiba (千葉 吟子, born 1938), a gymnast at the 1964 Summer Olympics
- Hayato Chiba (千葉 逸人, born 1982), Japanese mathematician
- Isshin Chiba (千葉 一伸, born 1968), Japanese voice actor
- Kanta Chiba (千葉 寛汰, born 2003), Japanese footballer
- Kaori Chiba (千葉 香織, born 1981), Japanese field hockey player
- Kazuo Chiba (千葉 和雄, 1940–2015), Japanese Aikido teacher
- Keiko Chiba (千葉 景子, born 1948), former Japanese Minister of Justice
- Kenro Chiba (千葉 建郎, born 1937), Japanese rower
- Mone Chiba (千葉 百音, born 2005), Japanese figure skater
- Reiko Chiba (千葉 麗子, born 1975), Japanese actress
- Ryohei Chiba (千葉 涼平, born 1984), Japanese singer
- Ryōko Chiba (千葉 涼子, born 1980), Japanese shogi player
- Saeko Chiba (千葉 紗子, born 1977), Japanese voice actress
- Sakio Chiba (千葉 幸生, born 1979), Japanese shogi player
- Shigeru Chiba (千葉 繁, born 1954); also known as Masaharu Maeda (前田 正治), Japanese voice actor
- Shōya Chiba (千葉 翔也, born 1995), Japanese voice actor
- Shūsaku Narimasa Chiba (千葉 周作 成政, 1794–1856), founder of the Hokushin Itto school of swordsmanship
- Sonny Chiba (1939–2021); also known as Shin'ichi Chiba (千葉 真一), Japanese actor and martial artist
- Susumu Chiba (千葉 進歩, born 1970), Japanese voice actor
- Takahito Chiba (千葉 貴仁, born 1984), former Japanese footballer
- Teikan Chiba (千葉 貞幹, 1852–1913), Japanese prosecutor, judge and politician
- Teisuke Chiba (千葉 禎介, 1917–1965), photographer
- Tetsuya Chiba (千葉 徹彌, born 1939), Japanese manga artist