Chicago Fire of 1874

Not to be confused with Great Chicago Fire.

Bird's-eye map of Chicago highlighting the area specifically affected by the 1874 fire

The Chicago Fire of 1874 took place on July 14. Reports of the extent of the damage vary somewhat, but sources generally agree that the fire burned 47 acres (19 ha)[1] just south of the Loop, destroyed 812 structures and killed 20 people.[2] The affected neighborhood had been home to Chicago's community of Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland,[3] as well as to a significant population of middle-class African-American families;[4] both ethnic groups were displaced in the aftermath of the fire to other neighborhoods on the city's West and South Sides.

The fire insurance industry's National Board of Underwriters responded to the fire by demanding widespread changes in Chicago's fire prevention and firefighting efforts, and ultimately encouraged fire insurers to cancel all coverage of buildings in the city in October. Many insurers did halt their activities in Chicago, and only returned to issuing policies in the city after the municipal government adopted many of the suggested reforms.[5]

  1. ^ "The Chicago Fire". Wheeling Intelligencer. July 16, 1874. p. 1.
  2. ^ Keyes, Jonathan J. (Fall 1997). "The Forgotten Fire". Chicago History. Vol. XXVI, no. 3. pp. 52–65.
  3. ^ Garel-Frantzen, Alex (November 19, 2013). Gangsters and organized crime in Jewish Chicago. Charleston, SC: The History Press. ISBN 978-1626191938.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ "The Fires. Review of the Conflagration of Tuesday". Chicago Daily Tribune. Vol. 28, no. 42. July 16, 1874. p. 1. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  5. ^ Currey, J. Seymour (1912). Chicago: its history and its builders, a century of marvelous growth. Vol. 2. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company. pp. 281–282. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081817086.