Chief Mkwavinyika Munyigumba Mwamuyinga (c. 1855 – 19 July 1898[a]), more commonly known as Chief Mkwawa or Sultan Mkwawa, was a Hehe tribal leader in German East Africa, based in Kalenga, Iringa region, who opposed the German colonization.[4] The name "Mkwawa" is derived from Mukwava, a shortened form of Mukwavinyika, meaning "conqueror of many lands".
As a young child he was named Ndesalasi, meaning "troublemaker". As an adult he was named Mtwa Mkwava Mkwavinyika Mahinya Yilimwiganga Mkali Kuvagosi Kuvadala Tage Matenengo Manwiwage Seguniwagula Gumganga, meaning: "A leader who takes control of the forests, who is aggressive to men and polite to women, who is unpredictable and unbeatable, and who has the power that it is only death who can take him away."
- ^ Bericht des Feldwebels Merkl, Barch R1001, 289
- ^ Beck, Paul. "THE COLONIAL WARS OF IMPERIAL GERMANY". Savage Soldier Online. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
- ^ "Makaua the freedom fighter". mkwawa.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2004. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
- ^ Zane, Damian (28 June 2019). "Why is an African chief's skull mentioned in the Versailles Treaty?". BBC News.
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