&sq=&lang=&file=File:Question_book-new.svg){kind=small} | This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2023) |
Chihuahua | |
|---|---|
| Free and Sovereign State of Chihuahua Estado Libre y Soberano de Chihuahua (Spanish) | |
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&sq=&lang=&file=File:Coat_of_arms_of_Chihuahua.svg) Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: El Estado Grande ('The Big State') | |
| Motto(s): Valentía, Lealtad, Hospitalidad('Bravery, Loyalty, Hospitality') | |
| Anthem: Himno del Estado de Chihuahua | |
&sq=&lang=&file=File:Chihuahua_in_Mexico_(location_map_scheme).svg) State of Chihuahua within Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 28°38′21″N 106°04′24″W / 28.63917°N 106.07333°W | |
| Country | Mexico |
| Capital | Chihuahua |
| Largest city | Ciudad Juárez |
| Municipalities | 67 |
| Admission | July 6, 1824[1] |
| Order | 18th |
| Government | |
| • Governor |  María Eugenia Campos Galván |
| • Senators[2] |  Bertha Alicia Caraveo Camarena Rafael Espino de la Peña Gustavo Madero Muñoz |
| • Deputies[3] | |
| Area | |
• Total | 247,460 km2 (95,540 sq mi) |
| Ranked 1st | |
| Highest elevation | 3,300 m (10,800 ft) |
| Population (2020)[6] | |
• Total | 3,741,869 |
| • Rank | 11th |
| • Density | 15/km2 (39/sq mi) |
| • Rank | 29th |
| Demonym | Chihuahuense |
| GDP | |
| • Total | MXN 1.050 trillion (US$52.2 billion) (2022) |
| • Per capita | (US$13,637) (2022) |
| Time zone | UTC−7 (MST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−6 (MDT) |
| Postal code | 31, 33 |
| Area code | |
| ISO 3166 code | MX-CHH |
| HDI |  0.786 high Ranked 13 of 32th |
| Website | Official Web Site |
Chihuahua (Spanish pronunciation: [tʃiˈwawa] ), officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Chihuahua (English: Free and Sovereign State of Chihuahua), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is located in the northwestern part of Mexico and is bordered by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the southwest, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east. To the north and northeast, it shares an extensive border with the U.S. adjacent to the U.S. states of New Mexico and Texas. The state was named after its capital city, Chihuahua City; the largest city is Ciudad Juárez. In 1864 the city of Chihuahua was declared capital of Mexico by Benito Juarez during the Reform War and French intervention. The city of Parral was the largest producer of silver in the world in 1640. During the Mexican War of Independence, Miguel Hidalgo was executed on July 30, 1811, in Chihuahua city.
Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with its namesake, the Chihuahuan Desert, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, aside from Durango.[8] Due to its varied climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide river valleys. The Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range, part of the continental spine that also includes the Rocky Mountains, dominates the state's terrain, and is home to the state's greatest attraction, Las Barrancas del Cobre, or Copper Canyon, a canyon system larger and deeper than the Grand Canyon.[9][10] The state also has the largest crystal cave in Mexico known as the Naica cave. Chihuahua is also home to the archaeological site of Paquimé in Casas Grandes that was created by the people of the Mogollon civilization of Northern Mexico. It is recognized as an UNESCO World Heritage site. Chihuahua is the largest state in Mexico by area, with an area of 247,455 square kilometres (95,543 sq mi),[11] it is slightly larger than the United Kingdom, and slightly smaller than Wyoming, the tenth largest US state by area. The state is consequently known under the nickname El Estado Grande ('The Great State' or 'The Big State').
The famous Mexican train Ch-P, a.k.a. "Chepe" starts from Chihuahua, calle Mendez, and reaches the Pacific Ocean, through the Sierra Madre and the Copper Canyon.
On the slope of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains (around the regions of Casas Grandes, Cuauhtémoc and Parral), there are vast prairies of short yellow grass, the source of the bulk of the state's agricultural production. Most of the inhabitants live along the Rio Grande Valley, and the Conchos River Valley. The etymology of the name Chihuahua has long been disputed by historians and linguists. The most accepted theory explains that the name was derived from the Nahuatl language meaning "the place where the water of the rivers meet" (i.e. "confluence", cf. Koblenz).[citation needed]
Chihuahua has a diversified state economy. The three most important economic centers in the state are: Ciudad Juárez, an international manufacturing center; Chihuahua, the state capital; and Cuauhtémoc, the state's main agriculture hub and an internationally recognized center for apple production. Today, Chihuahua serves as an important commercial route prospering from billions of dollars from international trade as a result of NAFTA. The state also suffers the fallout of illicit trade and activities from drug cartels, especially at the border. The state is also home to inventors; Victor Leaton Ochoa, Rafael Mendoza Blanco and Luis T. Hernandez Terrazas.
- ^ "Las Diputaciones Provinciales" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 15. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 7, 2011.
- ^ "Senadores por Chihuahua LXII Legislatura". Senado de la Republica. Archived from the original on July 13, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- ^ "Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Chihuahua". Camara de Diputados. Archived from the original on March 22, 2010. Retrieved October 4, 2010.
- ^ "Resumen". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
- ^ "Relieve". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on November 7, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
- ^ "México en cifras". January 2016. Archived from the original on July 18, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
- ^ Citibanamex (June 13, 2023). "Indicadores Regionales de Actividad Económica 2023" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved August 13, 2023.
- ^ "Prevencion de Incendios Forestales en Chihuahua". Eduteka. Archived from the original on December 1, 2011. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "Mapa del Area de Barrancas". ViajesBarrancasDelCobre.com. Archived from the original on March 28, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "Mapa del Area de Barrancas". Coopper Canyon Insider. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
- ^ "Resumen". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on January 30, 2010. Retrieved October 4, 2010.