Chinese Communist Party

Communist Party of China
中国共产党
Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng
AbbreviationCCP (common)
CPC (official)
General SecretaryXi Jinping
Standing Committee
Founders
Founded
HeadquartersZhongnanhai, Xicheng District, Beijing
NewspaperPeople's Daily
Youth wingCommunist Youth League of China
Children's wingYoung Pioneers of China
Armed wing
Research officeCentral Policy Research Office
Membership (2023)Increase 99,185,000[2]
Ideology
International affiliationIMCWP
Colours  Red
Slogan"Serve the People"[note 2]
National People's Congress (13th)
2,090 / 2,980
NPC Standing Committee (14th)
117 / 175
Party flag
Website
12371.cn Edit this at Wikidata
Communist Party of China
"Communist Party of China" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese中国共产党
Traditional Chinese中國共產黨
Hanyu PinyinZhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng
Bopomofoㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄢˇ ㄉㄤˇ
Wade–GilesChung1-kuo2 Kung4-ch'an3-tang3
Tongyong PinyinJhongguó Gòng-chǎn-dǎng
IPA[ʈʂʊ́ŋ.kwǒ kʊ̂ŋ.ʈʂʰàn.tàŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationJūng-gwok Guhng-cháan-dóng
Jyutpingzung1 gwok3 gung6 caan2 dong2
IPA[tsʊŋ˥ kʷɔk̚˧ kʊŋ˨ tsʰan˧˥ tɔŋ˧˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTiong-kok Kiōng-sán-tóng
Abbreviation
Chinese中共
Hanyu PinyinZhōnggòng
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnggòng
Bopomofoㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄥˋ
Wade–GilesChung1-kung4
IPA[ʈʂʊ́ŋ.kʊ̂ŋ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationJūng-guhng
Jyutpingzung1 gung6
IPA[tsʊŋ˥.kʊŋ˨]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTiong-kiōng
Tibetan name
Tibetanཀྲུང་གོ་གུང་ཁྲན་ཏང
Transcriptions
WylieKrung go gung khran tang
THLTrung go gung trän tang
Tibetan PinyinZhung ko kung chän dang
Zhuang name
ZhuangCunghgoz Gungcanjdangj
Mongolian name
Mongolian CyrillicДундад улсын (Хятадын) Эв хамт (Kоммунист) Нам
Mongolian scriptᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ
(ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ)
ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ
(ᠺᠣᠮᠮᠤᠶᠢᠨᠢᠰᠲ)
ᠨᠠᠮ
Transcriptions
SASM/GNCDumdad ulcyn (Khyatadyn) Av khamt (Kommunist) Нam
Uyghur name
Uyghurجۇڭگو كوممۇنىستىك پارتىيىسى
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiJunggo Kommunistik Partiyisi
Yengi YeziⱪJunggo Kommunistik Partiyisi
Siril YëziqiҖуңго Коммунистик Партийиcи
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ‍‍ᡳ
(ᠵᡠᠨᡤᠣ ‍‍ᡳ)
ᡤᡠᠩᡮᠠᠨ
ᡥᠣᡴᡳ
RomanizationDulimbai gurun-i (Jungg'o-i) Gungcan Hoki

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP),[3] officially the Communist Party of China (CPC),[4] is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang. In 1949, Mao proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Since then, the CCP has governed China and has had sole control over the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Successive leaders of the CCP have added their own theories to the party's constitution, which outlines the party's ideology, collectively referred to as socialism with Chinese characteristics. As of 2024, the CCP has more than 99 million members, making it the second largest political party by membership in the world after India's Bharatiya Janata Party.

In 1921, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao led the founding of the CCP with the help of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International. For the first six years, the CCP aligned itself with the Kuomintang (KMT) as the organized left wing of the larger nationalist movement. However, when the right wing of the KMT, led by Chiang Kai-shek, turned on the CCP and massacred tens of thousands of the party's members, the two parties split and began a prolonged civil war. During the next ten years of guerrilla warfare, Mao Zedong rose to become the most influential figure in the CCP, and the party established a strong base among the rural peasantry with its land reform policies. Support for the CCP continued to grow throughout the Second Sino-Japanese War, and after the Japanese surrender in 1945, the CCP emerged triumphant in the communist revolution against the Nationalist government. After the KMT's retreat to Taiwan, the CCP established the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949.

Mao Zedong continued to be the most influential member of the CCP until his death in 1976, although he periodically withdrew from public leadership as his health deteriorated. Under Mao, the party completed its land reform program, launched a series of five-year plans, and eventually split with the Soviet Union. Although Mao attempted to purge the party of capitalist and reactionary elements during the Cultural Revolution, after his death, these policies were only briefly continued by the Gang of Four before a less radical faction seized control. During the 1980s, Deng Xiaoping directed the CCP away from Maoist orthodoxy and towards a policy of economic liberalization. The official explanation for these reforms was that China was still in the primary stage of socialism, a developmental stage similar to the capitalist mode of production. Since the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the CCP has focused on maintaining its relations with the ruling parties of the remaining socialist states and continues to participate in the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties each year. The CCP has also established relations with several non-communist parties, including dominant nationalist parties of many developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, as well as social democratic parties in Europe.

The Chinese Communist Party is organized based on democratic centralism, a principle that entails open policy discussion on the condition of unity among party members in upholding the agreed-upon decision. The highest body of the CCP is the National Congress, convened every fifth year. When the National Congress is not in session, the Central Committee is the highest body, but since that body usually only meets once a year, most duties and responsibilities are vested in the Politburo and its Standing Committee. Members of the latter are seen as the top leadership of the party and the state.[5] Today the party's leader holds the offices of general secretary (responsible for civilian party duties), Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) (responsible for military affairs), and State President (a largely ceremonial position). Because of these posts, the party leader is seen as the country's paramount leader. The current leader is Xi Jinping, who was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee held on 15 November 2012 and has been reelected twice, on 25 October 2017 by the 19th Central Committee and on 10 October 2022 by the 20th Central Committee.

  1. ^ 楊立傑 (30 April 2013). "共产主义小组的建立与中国共产党的成立". Xinhua (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2023PartyCensus was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ "Chinese Communist Party". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  4. ^ "Style Guide: PRC, China, CCP or Chinese?". Asia Media Centre – New Zealand. Asia New Zealand Foundation. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022. Chinese Communist Party (CCP): May also refer to Communist Party of China (CPC) ... CPC is used officially in China and by China's media, whereas English-language media outside of Chinese conventionally use CCP.
  5. ^ McGregor, Richard (2010). The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0061708770. OCLC 630262666.


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