Chirostoma

"Charal" redirects here. For the Ewoks: The Battle for Endor character, see Charal (Star Wars).

Chirostoma
Temporal range: 5–0 Ma
↓
Pliocene to Present[1]
Chirostoma lucius (above)

Chirostoma estor (below)

Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Atheriniformes
Family: Atherinopsidae
Subfamily: Menidiinae
Tribe: Mendiniini
Genus: Chirostoma
Swainson, 1839
Type species
Atherina humboldtiana
Valenciennes 1835[2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Atherinichthys Bleeker, 1853
  • Atherinoides Bleeker, 1853
  • Charalia F. de Buen, 1945
  • Eslopsarum D.S. Jordan & B.W. Evermann, 1896
  • Heterognathus Girard, 1855
  • Lethostole D.S. Jordan & B.W. Evermann, 1896
  • Ocotlanichthys F. de Buen, 1945
  • Otalia F. de Buen, 1945
  • Palmichthys F. de Buen, 1945

Chirostoma is a genus of Neotropical silversides from the Lerma River basin in Mexico, including lakes Chapala and Pátzcuaro. Fish in the genus collectively go by the common name charal/charales in their native range (a name also used for the related Poblana). They are heavily fished, but several of the species have become threatened due to habitat loss (pollution, water extraction and drought), introduced species and overfishing.[4][5] Three species are considered extinct: C. bartoni (disappeared 2006), C. charari (1957) and C. compressum (1900).[6] Four others have not been recorded recently and may also be extinct.[7]

  1. ^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
  2. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Chrostoma". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Atherinopsidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
  4. ^ Angeles Barriga-Sosa, I.d.l.; A.L. Ibáñez-Aguirre; J.L. Arredondo-Figueroa (2002). "Morphological and genetic variation in seven species of the endangered Chirostoma "humboldtianum species group" (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)". Rev. Biol. Trop. 50 (1): 199–216. PMID 12298246.
  5. ^ Urbina-Sánchez, I.; C.G. Paniagua-Chávez; R. Fierro; G. Figueroa-Lucero; I.d.l.A. Barriga-Sosa (2016). "Intraspecific karyotypic variation in the silverside fish Chirostoma humboldtianum (Atheriniformes: Atherinopsidae)". Hidrobiológica. 26 (1): 93–101. doi:10.24275/uam/izt/dcbs/hidro/2016v26n1/barriga.
  6. ^ Burkhead, N.M. (2012). "Extinction Rates in North American Freshwater Fishes, 1900–2010" (PDF). BioScience. 62 (9): 798–808. doi:10.1525/bio.2012.62.9.5.
  7. ^ "UAM rescata pez blanco en peligro de extinción" (in Spanish). sdpnoticias.com. 17 April 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2018.