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State of Chitral | |||||||||
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| 1320–1972 | |||||||||
&sq=Qlik&lang=&file=File:Flag_of_State_of_Chitral.svg) State flag
&sq=Qlik&lang=&file=File:Coat_of_arms_of_State_of_Chitral.svg) Coat of arms
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| Status | Princely state in alliance with British India to 15 August 1947; Fully independent: 15 August 1947 – 6 November 1947 | ||||||||
| Capital | Chitral[1][2] | ||||||||
| Official languages | Persian (official, literary, and administrative language)[3] Khowar (court, de facto language)[4] | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Mehtar | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1320 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1972 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Pakistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | ||||||||
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| This article is part of the series |
| Former administrative units of Pakistan |
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Chitral or Chitrāl (Persian: چترال) was a princely state in alliance with British India until 1947, then a princely state of Pakistan until 1972.[5] The area of the state now forms the Upper and Lower Chitral Districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
During the reign of Mehtar Aman ul-Mulk, the dynasty's sway extended from Asmar in the Kunar Valley of Afghanistan to Punial in the Gilgit Valley.[6] The entire region that now forms the Chitral District was a fully independent monarchy until 1885, when the British negotiated a subsidiary alliance with its hereditary ruler, the Mehtar, under which Chitral became a princely state, still sovereign but subject to the suzerainty of the British Indian Empire. In 1895 the British agent in Gilgit, Sir George Scott Robertson was besieged in Chitral Fort for 48 days, and was finally relieved by two British Forces, one marching from Gilgit and the other from Nowshera. After 1895, the British hold became stronger, but the internal administration remained in the hand of the Mehtar. In 1947 India was partitioned and Chitral opted to accede to Pakistan. After accession, it finally became an administrative district of Pakistan in 1972.[7]
- ^ Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Masson, Vadim Mikhaĭlovich; Unesco (1 January 2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. UNESCO. p. 241. ISBN 978-92-3-103876-1.
- ^ Davies, C. Collin (17 October 2013). The Problem of the North-West Frontier, 1890-1908. Cambridge University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-107-66209-4.
- ^ Allan; Buddruss, Nigel J. R.; Georg. "CHITRAL". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Pastakia 2004, p. 39.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Ex-Mehterwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Chitral: A Bloody History and a Glorious Geography". Archived from the original on 2 June 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
- ^ Osella, Coares (19 March 2010). Islam, Politics, Anthropology. ISBN 9781444324419.