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The Christian right, otherwise referred to as the religious right, are Christian political factions characterized by their strong support of socially conservative and traditionalist policies.[1][2] Christian conservatives seek to influence politics and public policy with their interpretation of the teachings of Christianity.[3][4][5]
In the United States, the Christian right is an informal coalition which was formed around a core of conservative Evangelical Protestants and conservative Roman Catholics.[2][3][6][7][8] The Christian right draws additional support from politically conservative mainline Protestants, Orthodox Jews, and Mormons.[2][6][9] The movement in American politics became dominant in American conservatism starting in the late 1970s. The Christian right gained powerful influence within the Republican party during the presidency of Ronald Reagan in the United States in the 1980s.[1][2][10][11][12][13] Its influence draws from grassroots activism as well as from focus on social issues and the ability to motivate the electorate around those issues.[14] It is part of social conservatism in the United States.
The Christian right has advanced socially conservative positions on issues such as creationism in public education,[15] school prayer,[16] temperance,[17] Christian nationalism,[18] Christian Zionism,[2] and Sunday Sabbatarianism,[19] as well as opposition to the teaching of biological evolution,[15] embryonic stem cell research,[20] LGBT rights,[4][10][16][21] comprehensive sex education,[22][23] abortion, euthanasia,[2][16][24] use of drugs,[2] and pornography.[25] Although the term Christian right is most commonly associated with politics in the United States,[2] similar Christian conservative groups can be found in the political cultures of other Christian-majority countries.[26]
- ^ a b Gannon, Thomas M. (July–September 1981). "The New Christian Right in America as a Social and Political Force". Archives de sciences sociales des religions. 26 (52–1). Paris: Éditions de l'EHESS: 69–83. doi:10.3406/assr.1981.2226. ISSN 0335-5985. JSTOR 30125411.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ben Barka, Mokhtar (December 2012). "The New Christian Right's relations with Israel and with the American Jews: the mid-1970s onward". E-Rea. 10 (1). Aix-en-Provence and Marseille: Centre pour l'Édition Électronique Ouverte on behalf of Aix-Marseille University. doi:10.4000/erea.2753. ISSN 1638-1718. S2CID 191364375.
- ^ a b Miller, Steven P. (2014). "Left, Right, Born Again". The Age of Evangelicalism: America's Born-Again Years. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 32–59. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199777952.003.0003. ISBN 9780199777952. LCCN 2013037929. OCLC 881502753.
- ^ a b Durham, Martin (2000). "The rise of the right". The Christian Right, the Far Right, and the Boundaries of American Conservatism. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press. pp. 1–23. ISBN 9780719054860.
- ^ Sociology: understanding a diverse society, Margaret L. Andersen, Howard Francis Taylor, Cengage Learning, 2005, ISBN 978-0-534-61716-5, ISBN 978-0-534-61716-5
- ^ a b Deckman, Melissa Marie (2004). School Board Battles: The Christian Right in Local Politics. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. p. 48. ISBN 9781589010017. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
More than half of all Christian right candidates attend evangelical Protestant churches, which are more theologically liberal. A relatively large number of Christian Right candidates (24 percent) are Catholics; however, when asked to describe themselves as either "progressive/liberal" or "traditional/conservative" Catholics, 88 percent of these Christian right candidates place themselves in the traditional category.
- ^ Schweber, Howard (February 24, 2012). "The Catholicization of the American Right". The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 24, 2012.
In the past two decades, the American religious Right has become increasingly Catholic. I mean that both literally and metaphorically. Literally, Catholic writers have emerged as intellectual leaders of the religious right in universities, the punditocracy, the press, and the courts, promoting an agenda that at its most theoretical involves a reclamation of the natural law tradition of Thomas Aquinas and at its most practical involves appeals to the kind of common-sense, 'everybody knows,' or 'it just is' arguments that have characterized opposition to same-sex marriage ... Meanwhile, in the realm of actual politics, Catholic politicians have emerged as leading figures in the religious conservative movement.
- ^ Melissa Marie Deckman (2004). School Board Battles: the Christian right in Local Politics. Georgetown University Press.
Indeed, such significant Christian Right leaders such as Pat Buchanan and Paul Weyrich are conservative Catholics.
- ^ Smith, David Whitten; Burr, Elizabeth Geraldine (2007). Understanding World Religions: A Road Map for Justice and Peace. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 106. ISBN 9780742550551.
- ^ a b Palmer, Randall; Winner, Lauren F. (2005) [2002]. "Protestants and Homosexuality". Protestantism in America. Columbia Contemporary American Religion Series. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 149–178. ISBN 9780231111317. LCCN 2002023859.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
hartsemwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Williams 2010, pp. 1, 2.
- ^ Trollinger, William (October 8, 2019). "Fundamentalism turns 100, a landmark for the Christian Right". The Conversation. ISSN 2201-5639. Archived from the original on May 7, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Green2006was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Edis, Taner (August 2020). "Is There A Political Argument For Teaching Evolution?". Marburg Journal of Religion. 22 (2). University of Marburg: 1–26. doi:10.17192/mjr.2020.22.8304. ISSN 1612-2941. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
- ^ a b c McKeegan, Michele (Fall 1993). "The politics of abortion: A historical perspective". Women's Health Issues. 3 (3). Elsevier on behalf of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health: 127–131. doi:10.1016/S1049-3867(05)80245-2. ISSN 1878-4321. PMID 8274866. S2CID 36048222.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
RozellGreenJelenWilcox2003was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Zubovich, Gene (July 17, 2018). "The Christian Nationalism of Donald Trump". Religion and Politics. Washington University in St. Louis.
- ^ Bowers, Paige (February 22, 2009). "Will the Recession Doom the Last Sunday Blue Laws?". Time. Retrieved October 6, 2020.
Those states — Georgia, Connecticut, Texas, Alabama and Minnesota — enjoy overwhelming voter support for an extra day of sales, but face opposition from members of the Christian right, who say that selling on Sunday undermines safety and tears apart families.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
embryonic stem cellswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Hermanwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ di Mauro, Diane; Joffe, Carole (March 1, 2007). "The religious right and the reshaping of sexual policy: An examination of reproductive rights and sexuality education". Sexuality Research & Social Policy. 4 (1): 67–92. doi:10.1525/srsp.2007.4.1.67. ISSN 1553-6610. S2CID 19893992.
- ^ Bouma, Gary D. (September 5, 2018). "Young people want sex education and religion shouldn't get in the way". The Conversation. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Petersenwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kaplanwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Sotelo, María Victoria; Arocena, Felipe (July 2021). "Evangelicals in the Latin American political arena: The cases of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay". SN Social Sciences. 1 (180). Springer Nature. doi:10.1007/s43545-021-00179-6. ISSN 2662-9283. S2CID 237748900.