Chronic cough

In clinical guidelines chronic cough is defined as a cough lasting more than 8 weeks in adults [1][2][3][4][5][6] and more than 4 weeks in children. [2] there are studies suggest that a chronic cough must persist upwards of three months.[7] The prevalence of chronic cough is about 10% although the prevalence may differ depending on definition and geographic area.[1][8] Chronic cough is a common symptom in several different respiratory diseases like COPD or pulmonary fibrosis[9] but in non-smokers with a normal chest x-ray chronic cough are often associated with asthma, rhinosinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease or could be idiopathic.[1][10] Generally, a cough, for example after an upper respiratory tract infection, lasts around one to two weeks; however, chronic cough can persist for an extended period of time, several years in some cases.[2] The current theory about the cause of chronic cough, independent of associated condition, is that it is caused by a hypersensitivity in the cough sensory nerves, called cough hypersensitivity syndrome.[10] There are a number of treatments available, depending on the associated disease but the clinical management of the patients remains a challenge.[11] Risk factors include exposure to cigarette smoke, and exposure to pollution, especially particulates.

  1. ^ a b c Chung, Kian Fan; Pavord, Ian D (April 2008). "Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough". Lancet. 371 (9621): 1364–1374. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60595-4. PMID 18424325. S2CID 7810980.
  2. ^ a b c Chung KF, McGarvey L, Song WJ, Chang AB, Lai K, Canning BJ, et al. (June 2022). "Cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 8 (1): 45. doi:10.1038/s41572-022-00370-w. PMC 9244241. PMID 35773287.
  3. ^ Morice AH, Fontana GA, Belvisi MG, Birring SS, Chung KF, Dicpinigaitis PV, et al. (June 2007). "ERS guidelines on the assessment of cough". The European Respiratory Journal. 29 (6): 1256–1276. doi:10.1183/09031936.00101006. PMID 17540788. S2CID 17331460.
  4. ^ Shim JS, Song WJ, Morice AH (March 2020). "Drug-Induced Cough". Physiological Research. 69 (Suppl 1): S81–S92. doi:10.33549/physiolres.934406. PMC 8604055. PMID 32228014.
  5. ^ Krüger K, Holzinger F, Trauth J, Koch M, Heintze C, Gehrke-Beck S (February 2022). "Chronic Cough". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 119 (5): 59–65. doi:10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0396. PMC 9059861. PMID 34918623.
  6. ^ Gibson PG (2019-07-31). "Management of Cough". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice. 7 (6): 1724–1729. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2019.03.050. PMID 31279460. S2CID 195830273.
  7. ^ Song WJ, Chang YS, Faruqi S, Kang MK, Kim JY, Kang MG, et al. (March 2016). "Defining Chronic Cough: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature". Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research. 8 (2): 146–155. doi:10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.146. PMC 4713878. PMID 26739408.
  8. ^ Song, Woo-Jung; Chang, Yoon-Seok; Faruqi, Shoaib; Kim, Ju-Young; Kang, Min-Gyu; Kim, Sujeong; Jo, Eun-Jung; Kim, Min-Hye; Plevkova, Jana; Park, Heung-Woo; Cho, Sang-Heon; Morice, Alyn H. (2015-05-01). "The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis". European Respiratory Journal. 45 (5): 1479–1481. doi:10.1183/09031936.00218714. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 25657027.
  9. ^ Emilsson, Össur Ingi (December 2022). "The burden and impact of chronic cough in severe disease". Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care. 16 (4): 183. doi:10.1097/SPC.0000000000000623. ISSN 1751-4258.
  10. ^ a b Morice, Alyn H.; Millqvist, Eva; Belvisi, Maria G.; Bieksiene, Kristina; Birring, Surinder S.; Chung, Kian Fan; Negro, Roberto W. Dal; Dicpinigaitis, Peter; Kantar, Ahmad; McGarvey, Lorcan P.; Pacheco, Adalberto; Sakalauskas, Raimundas; Smith, Jaclyn A. (2014-11-01). "Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine". European Respiratory Journal. 44 (5): 1132–1148. doi:10.1183/09031936.00218613. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 25142479.
  11. ^ Perotin JM, Launois C, Dewolf M, Dumazet A, Dury S, Lebargy F, et al. (2018). "Managing patients with chronic cough: challenges and solutions". Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management. 14: 1041–1051. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S136036. PMC 5995432. PMID 29922064.