Chrysanthemum taboo

The chrysanthemum taboo (菊タブー, Kiku tabū) is the Japanese social taboo against discussion or criticism of the Emperor of Japan and his family, especially Emperor Hirohito (1901–1989).[1][2][3] The taboo also extended to discussion of the Emperor's declining health.[4][5]

The term came into use in the 1960s[6] and originates from the chrysanthemum flower found in the Imperial Seal of Japan, also called the Chrysanthemum Seal.

  1. ^ Dudden, Alexis (2008). Troubled Apologies Among Japan, Korea, and the United States. Columbia University Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780231141765.
  2. ^ Field, Norma (9 February 2011). In the Realm of a Dying Emperor. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 59. ISBN 9780307761002.
  3. ^ Dudden, Alexis (2006). "Japan's Political Apologies and the Right to History" (PDF). Harvard University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  4. ^ Sugimoto, Yoshio (2003). An Introduction to Japanese Society. Cambridge University Press. p. 239. ISBN 9780521529259.
  5. ^ Chira, Susan (29 December 1988). "Is Hirohito Free of War Guilt? The Risks of Defying a Taboo". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  6. ^ Leiter, Samuel L. (2009). Rising from the Flames: The Rebirth of Theater in Occupied Japan, 1945-1952. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 125. ISBN 9780739128183.