Cinema of India

Cinema of India
No. of screens9,382 (2022)[1]
 • Per capita6 per million (2021)[2]
Produced feature films (2021–22)[3]
Total2886 Increase
Number of admissions (2016)[4]
Total2,020,000,000
 • Per capita1.69
National films1,713,600,000 Increase
Gross box office (2022)[7]
Total₹15,000 crore[5]
National films$3.7 billion (2020)[6]
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The Cinema of India, consisting of motion pictures made by the Indian film industry, has had a large effect on world cinema since the second half of the 20th century.[8][9] Indian cinema is made up of various film industries, each producing films in different languages, including Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Bengali, Punjabi, Bhojpuri and others.

Major centres of film production across the country include Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata, Kochi, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar-Cuttack, and Guwahati.[details 1] For a number of years, the Indian film industry has ranked first in the world in terms of annual film output.[29] In 2022, Indian cinema earned ₹15,000 crore ($1.9 billion) at the box-office.[5] Ramoji Film City located in Hyderabad is certified by the Guinness World Records as the largest film studio complex in the world measuring over 1,666 acres (674 ha).[30]

Indian cinema is composed of multilingual and multi-ethnic film art. The term 'Bollywood', often mistakenly used to refer to Indian cinema as a whole, is only the Hindi-language segment, with Indian cinema being an umbrella term that includes various film industries, each offering films in diverse languages and styles.

In 2021, Telugu cinema emerged as the largest film industry in India in terms of box office.[31][32] In 2022, Hindi cinema represented 33% of box office revenue, followed by Telugu representing 20%, Tamil representing 16%, Kannada representing 8%, and Malayalam representing 6%.[33][34] Other prominent film industries are Marathi, Punjabi, Bengali, Gujarati, Bhojpuri, and Odia cinema.[33][34] As of 2022, the combined revenue of South Indian film industries has surpassed that of the Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry (Bollywood).[35][36] As of 2022, Telugu cinema leads Indian cinema with 23.3 crore (233 million) tickets sold, followed by Tamil cinema with 20.5 crore (205 million) and Hindi cinema with 18.9 crore (189 million).[37][33]

Indian cinema is a global enterprise,[38] and its films have attracted international attention and acclaim throughout South Asia.[39] Since talkies began in 1931, Hindi cinema has led in terms of box office performance, but in recent years it has faced stiff competition from Telugu cinema.[40][32] Overseas Indians account for 12% of the industry's revenue.[41]

  1. ^ "India: number of cinema screens 2022". Statista. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  2. ^ "Feature films: Cinema infrastructure – Capacity". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. UNESCO. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  3. ^ "Indian Feature Films Certified in 2021—22" (PDF). Film Federation of India. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  4. ^ "Culture: Feature Films". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 2015. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  5. ^ a b Jacob, Shine (19 April 2023). "South Indian films outshine others in 2022, may maintain trend in 2023: CII". Business Standard. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  6. ^ "Indian film industry's gross box office earnings may reach $3.7 billion by 2020: Report – Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". 26 September 2016.
  7. ^ "India Box Office collections: Regional cinema led by Tamil movies overtakes Bollywood". The Financial Express. 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  8. ^ Hasan Suroor (26 October 2012). "Arts: Sharmila Tagore honoured by Edinburgh University". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  9. ^
  10. ^ "The birth of India's film industry: how the movies came to Mumbai". The Guardian. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  11. ^ "Commercial and bollywood hub Mumbai vs Media and political 'capital' Delhi: Is the race over?". The Economic Times. 25 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Most of Jubilee Hills, Film Nagar is Wakf land". The Hindu. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  13. ^ "ANR inspired Telugu film industry's shift from Chennai". The Hindu. 13 May 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  14. ^ "Tamil films: How north Chennai marks its presence while Kodambakkam thrives". Hindustan Times. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  15. ^ Hiro, Dilip (2010). After Empire: The Birth of a Multipolar World. PublicAffairs. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-56858-427-0.
  16. ^ "Lights, camera, action..." Business Standard India. Business Standard. 21 January 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  17. ^ "Will viewers return to theatres after lockdown? asks Bengal's film industry". Hindustan Times. 23 April 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  18. ^ "Love, sex and the bhadralok". Business Line. 16 December 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  19. ^ "Kochi sizzling onscreen". The New Indian Express. 29 January 2013. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  20. ^ "Mollywood comes home to Kochi". The Hindu. 4 March 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  21. ^ "Kochi Says Lights, Camera, Action!". The New Indian Express. 6 April 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  22. ^ "Mini-film city at Ramanthuruth". The Times of India. 7 November 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  23. ^ "Bengaluru's 100-yr-old Badami House, hub of Kannada cinema, will soon be no more". The News Minute. 12 October 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  24. ^ "Thriving nucleus of a film industry". The Hindu. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  25. ^ "The New Capital at Bhubaneswar" (PDF). Government of Odisha. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  26. ^ "First archives for Odia films soon". The New Indian Express. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  27. ^ "Express Rewind: Assamese cinema and the murmurs of a comeback". The New Indian Express. 30 December 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  28. ^ "Guwahati to host 65th Filmfare Awards". The Times of India. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  29. ^ "Leading film markets worldwide by number of films produced 2018". Statista. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  30. ^ "Largest film studio". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  31. ^ "10K Crore: Return of the box office". Ormax Media. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  32. ^ a b Mukherjee, Nairita; Joshi, Tushar (22 December 2021). "Is South cinema the new Bollywood?". India Today. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  33. ^ a b c "Ormax Media Report: 2022" (PDF). Ormax Media. 27 January 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  34. ^ a b "Distribution of the Indian box office in 2022, by language". Statista. 22 March 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  35. ^ "The rise of South Indian Cinema: How Southern movies are going national". Moneycontrol. 7 December 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  36. ^ "India Box Office collections: Regional cinema led by Telugu, Tamil movies overtakes Bollywood". The Financial Express. 11 July 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  37. ^ Jha, Lata (31 January 2023). "Footfalls for Hindi films slump up to 50%". Mint. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  38. ^ Khanna, 155
  39. ^ Khanna, 158
  40. ^ Srinivas, S. V. (22 September 2022). "Is Telugu cinema replacing Hindi as India's favourite film industry?". Frontline. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  41. ^ Potts, 74


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