Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.[5] Severe side effects include an increased risk of tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage.[5] In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness.[5] Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin.[7] Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy.[8] No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication.[8] It appears to be safe during breastfeeding.[5] It is a second-generation fluoroquinolone with a broad spectrum of activity that usually results in the death of the bacteria.[5][9][10]
Ciprofloxacin was patented in 1980 and introduced by Bayer in 1987.[11][12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13][14] The World Health Organization classifies ciprofloxacin as critically important for human medicine.[15] It is available as a generic medication.[5][16] In 2022, it was the 181st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2million prescriptions.[17][18]
^ abcZhanel GG, Fontaine S, Adam H, Schurek K, Mayer M, Noreddin AM, et al. (2006). "A Review of New Fluoroquinolones: Focus on their Use in Respiratory Tract Infections". Treatments in Respiratory Medicine. 5 (6): 437–465. doi:10.2165/00151829-200605060-00009. PMID17154673. S2CID26955572.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^World Health Organization (2019). Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (6th revision ed.). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/312266. ISBN978-92-4-151552-8.