Circumcision and HIV

This article is about male circumcision and HIV. For female circumcision and HIV, see Female genital mutilation § HIV.

Male circumcision reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from HIV positive women to men in high risk populations.[1][2]

In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reiterated that male circumcision is an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention if carried out by medical professionals under safe conditions.[3] Circumcision reduces the risk that a man will acquire HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from an infected female partner through vaginal sex.[4] The evidence regarding whether circumcision helps prevent HIV is not as clear among men who have sex with men (MSM).[3] The effectiveness of using circumcision to prevent HIV in the developed world is not determined.[3][5]

  1. ^ Sharma, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar; Hokello, Joseph; Tyagi, Mudit (2021-06-25). "Circumcision as an Intervening Strategy against HIV Acquisition in the Male Genital Tract". Pathogens. 10 (7): 806. doi:10.3390/pathogens10070806. ISSN 2076-0817. PMC 8308621. PMID 34201976. There is disputed immunological evidence in support of MC in preventing the heterosexual acquisition of HIV-1.
  2. ^ Merson, Michael; Inrig, Stephen (2017). The AIDS Pandemic: Searching for a Global Response. Springer Publishing. p. 379. ISBN 9783319471334. This led to a [medical] consensus that male circumcision should be a priority for HIV prevention in countries and regions with heterosexual epidemics and high HIV and low male circumcision prevalence.
  3. ^ a b c "Preventing HIV Through Safe Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision For Adolescent Boys And Men In Generalized HIV Epidemics". World Health Organization. 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  4. ^ Information for providers counseling male patients and parents regarding male circumcision and the prevention of HIV infection, STIs, and other health outcomes (Report). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. August 22, 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference kim_2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).